The primary objective of peacekeeping operations is to protect civilians from violence and create a secure environment for peacebuilding efforts.

The Security Council is the UN body responsible for authorizing peacekeeping operations. It has the power to establish, maintain, and terminate peacekeeping missions.

The principle of impartiality requires peacekeepers to remain neutral and objective in their actions. They must not take sides in a conflict or favor one party over the other.

The concept of consent in peacekeeping operations requires that peacekeepers can only be deployed with the consent of the government in power in the host country.

Peacekeepers play a multifaceted role in protecting civilians, including providing security for humanitarian aid workers, establishing and maintaining safe zones, and patrolling areas to deter violence.

Peacekeeping and peacebuilding are distinct but complementary processes. Peacekeeping is short-term and focused on maintaining peace, while peacebuilding is long-term and focused on creating peace. Peacekeeping is typically carried out by military forces, while peacebuilding is carried out by civilian organizations.

Effective peacekeeping operations face a number of challenges, including lack of funding, lack of political will, and lack of cooperation from the parties to the conflict.

There are a number of success stories of peacekeeping operations, including the UN peacekeeping operation in Cyprus, the UN peacekeeping operation in Cambodia, and the UN peacekeeping operation in Mozambique.

Peacekeeping operations have been criticized for being too expensive, ineffective, and biased.

Successful peacebuilding efforts typically involve inclusive political dialogue, economic development, and security sector reform.

Civil society plays a crucial role in peacebuilding by promoting dialogue and reconciliation, monitoring human rights abuses, and providing humanitarian assistance.

The international community plays a significant role in peacebuilding by providing financial and technical assistance, supporting peace negotiations, and deploying peacekeeping forces.

Sustainable peace is challenged by a number of factors, including poverty and inequality, weak institutions, and lack of accountability.

Comprehensive peace agreements typically include power-sharing arrangements, security arrangements, and economic and social development provisions.

Women are often excluded from peace negotiations and are often victims of violence in conflict. However, women can play a vital role in peacebuilding by promoting dialogue, reconciliation, and healing.