Phenomenology emphasizes the study of consciousness as the foundation for understanding the essence of being and the structure of reality.

The concept of 'being-in-the-world' highlights the situatedness of human existence, emphasizing the individual's relationship with their surroundings and the broader context of their lives.

Skepticism questions the possibility of attaining certain knowledge, particularly regarding the essence of being, arguing that our understanding is limited and subject to doubt.

Ontological commitment involves the acceptance of the existence of certain entities or categories of entities, such as objects, properties, or events.

Linguistic analysis focuses on the relationship between language and reality, arguing that the structure of language shapes our understanding of the essence of being.

Authenticity in existentialism involves embracing one's own existence, acknowledging both its positive and negative aspects, and taking responsibility for one's choices and actions.

Existentialism asserts that existence precedes essence, meaning that the act of being or existing takes precedence over the definition or nature of an entity.

Reductionism involves the attempt to explain complex phenomena by breaking them down into their constituent parts or simpler elements.

Skepticism questions the limits of human knowledge and understanding, arguing that certain knowledge is unattainable or that our beliefs are subject to doubt.

Intentionality in phenomenology refers to the inherent characteristic of consciousness to be directed towards objects, meaning that consciousness is always about something.

Dualism posits that the mind and body are two distinct and separate substances, raising questions about their interaction and the nature of consciousness.

Emergence in metaphysics involves the appearance of new properties or behaviors in complex systems that cannot be predicted or explained solely from the properties of the individual components.

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that explores the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and being.

Freedom in existentialism involves the ability to make choices, take responsibility for one's actions, and shape one's own destiny, despite the limitations and constraints of existence.

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of knowledge, its acquisition, and its justification.