Retributive theory holds that punishment should be inflicted on offenders as a just response to their wrongdoing, with the aim of balancing the scales of justice.

Deterrence theory aims to discourage individuals from committing crimes by instilling fear of punishment and the negative consequences associated with criminal behavior.

Rehabilitation theory emphasizes the importance of providing offenders with opportunities for education, counseling, and skill development to help them overcome the factors that led to their criminal behavior.

Restorative justice theory emphasizes the importance of repairing harm caused by crime and promoting healing for both victims and offenders through dialogue, mediation, and community involvement.

Equal protection is a fundamental principle of justice that requires the law to treat all individuals equally, without discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or other protected characteristics.

Due process is a fundamental principle of justice that requires criminal justice systems to provide fair and impartial treatment to individuals accused of crimes, including the right to a fair trial, the right to legal counsel, and the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.

Proportionality in sentencing requires that the severity of punishment be proportionate to the seriousness of the crime committed and the offender's culpability.

Harm reduction is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of minimizing harm and suffering in criminal justice decision-making, focusing on strategies to reduce the negative consequences of crime and punishment.

Restorative justice practices aim to promote healing and reconciliation between offenders, victims, and the community, focusing on repairing harm caused by crime and facilitating dialogue and understanding.

Retribution is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of holding individuals accountable for their actions and ensuring that they face consequences for their crimes, with the aim of balancing the scales of justice.

Deterrence theory aims to discourage individuals from committing crimes by instilling fear of punishment and the negative consequences associated with criminal behavior.

Rehabilitation theory emphasizes the importance of providing offenders with opportunities for education, counseling, and skill development to help them overcome the factors that led to their criminal behavior.

Restorative justice theory emphasizes the importance of repairing harm caused by crime and promoting healing for both victims and offenders through dialogue, mediation, and community involvement.

Equal protection is a fundamental principle of justice that requires the law to treat all individuals equally, without discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or other protected characteristics.

Due process is a fundamental principle of justice that requires criminal justice systems to provide fair and impartial treatment to individuals accused of crimes, including the right to a fair trial, the right to legal counsel, and the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.