To establish the authenticity of historical sources

To interpret the meaning of historical sources

To evaluate the reliability of historical sources

To synthesize historical sources into a coherent narrative

Written documents

Oral traditions

Archaeological artifacts

Natural phenomena

External criticism examines the authenticity of a source, while internal criticism examines its meaning.

External criticism examines the source's origin and context, while internal criticism examines its content and reliability.

External criticism examines the source's physical characteristics, while internal criticism examines its intellectual content.

External criticism examines the source's relationship to other sources, while internal criticism examines its relationship to the historian's own perspective.

It helps to establish the authenticity of a source.

It provides information about the source's origin and context.

It helps to identify the author or creator of the source.

All of the above

Authorship

Bias

Purpose

Originality

It helps to confirm the accuracy of a historical source.

It provides multiple perspectives on a historical event.

It helps to identify bias in a historical source.

All of the above

Primary sources are created during the time period being studied, while secondary sources are created later.

Primary sources are created by eyewitnesses, while secondary sources are created by historians.

Primary sources are more reliable than secondary sources.

None of the above

A textbook on the history of the United States

A letter written by a soldier during the Civil War

A documentary film about the Vietnam War

A biography of Martin Luther King, Jr.

A diary written by a pioneer during the westward expansion

A newspaper article about the Great Depression

A scholarly monograph on the causes of the French Revolution

A novel set during the American Revolution

It helps historians to identify and evaluate the sources they use.

It provides a framework for interpreting historical evidence.

It helps historians to write more objective and accurate histories.

All of the above

It can be difficult to apply historical criticism to sources that are fragmentary or incomplete.

Historical criticism can be subjective and biased.

Historical criticism can only be used to study written sources.

Historical criticism can only be used to study the past.

The increasing availability of digital sources

The growing complexity of historical sources

The need to address issues of bias and subjectivity

All of the above

By identifying and challenging biases in historical sources

By incorporating a wider range of sources into historical narratives

By giving voice to marginalized groups and individuals

All of the above

Historical criticism will continue to be an essential tool for historians.

Historical criticism will be replaced by new methods of historical research.

Historical criticism will become increasingly interdisciplinary.

All of the above

The ability to identify and evaluate sources

The ability to interpret historical evidence

The ability to write objective and accurate histories

The ability to promote a more inclusive and diverse understanding of the past