Spain was the first European country to establish a permanent colony in the Americas, with the founding of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic in 1493.

The primary motivation for European countries to explore and colonize new lands in the 15th and 16th centuries was economic gain, particularly the desire to control trade routes and access valuable resources.

The Spice Route, which connected Europe with Asia, was the most important and lucrative trade route for European powers in the 16th and 17th centuries, as it provided access to valuable spices such as pepper, cloves, and nutmeg.

Portugal was the first European country to establish trading posts in India in the 16th century, with the founding of the city of Goa in 1510.

The main reason for the Dutch to establish a colony in the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century was to establish a trading post that would serve as a stopover point for their ships sailing to and from Asia.

England established the first permanent colony in North America in the 17th century, with the founding of Jamestown in Virginia in 1607.

The main reason for the British to establish colonies in North America was to establish a trading empire that would provide them with access to valuable resources and markets.

England established the first permanent colony in Australia in the 18th century, with the founding of Sydney in 1788.

The main reason for the British to establish colonies in Australia was to establish a penal colony where they could send their convicts.

England established the first permanent colony in New Zealand in the 19th century, with the founding of Wellington in 1840.

The main reason for the British to establish colonies in New Zealand was to find new land for farming.

Portugal established the first permanent colony in Africa in the 19th century, with the founding of Luanda in Angola in 1575.

The main reason for the Portuguese to establish colonies in Africa was to establish a trading empire that would provide them with access to valuable resources and markets.

England established the first permanent colony in Asia in the 19th century, with the founding of Singapore in 1819.

The main reason for the British to establish colonies in Asia was to establish a trading empire that would provide them with access to valuable resources and markets.