The greatest happiness for the greatest number.

The greatest good for the greatest number.

The greatest pleasure for the greatest number.

The greatest utility for the greatest number.

John Stuart Mill

Jeremy Bentham

David Hume

Adam Smith

Act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism

Hedonistic utilitarianism and eudaimonic utilitarianism

Negative utilitarianism and positive utilitarianism

Preference utilitarianism and desire utilitarianism

Hedonistic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing pleasure, while eudaimonic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness.

Hedonistic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the number of people who experience pleasure, while eudaimonic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the amount of pleasure that each person experiences.

Hedonistic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the duration of pleasure, while eudaimonic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the intensity of pleasure.

Hedonistic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the quality of pleasure, while eudaimonic utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the quantity of pleasure.

Negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing suffering, while positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness.

Negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing the number of people who experience suffering, while positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the amount of happiness that each person experiences.

Negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing the duration of suffering, while positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the intensity of happiness.

Negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing the quality of suffering, while positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the quantity of happiness.

Preference utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the satisfaction of people's preferences, while desire utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the satisfaction of people's desires.

Preference utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the number of people whose preferences are satisfied, while desire utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the amount of satisfaction that each person experiences.

Preference utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the duration of satisfaction, while desire utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the intensity of satisfaction.

Preference utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the quality of satisfaction, while desire utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the quantity of satisfaction.

It is too focused on maximizing happiness and ignores other important moral values.

It is too difficult to apply in practice, as it is often difficult to determine which action will produce the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.

It is unfair to those who are in the minority, as their interests are often sacrificed in order to maximize the happiness of the majority.

It is too demanding, as it requires us to always act in a way that will produce the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people, even if it means sacrificing our own interests.

To justify the redistribution of wealth from the rich to the poor.

To justify the provision of public goods and services.

To justify the regulation of businesses.

To justify the use of force against criminals.

The debate about whether utilitarianism is a consequentialist or a non-consequentialist theory.

The debate about whether utilitarianism is a hedonistic or a eudaimonic theory.

The debate about whether utilitarianism is a negative or a positive theory.

The debate about whether utilitarianism is a preference or a desire theory.

Deontology

Virtue ethics

Contractarianism

Libertarianism

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory, while deontology is a non-consequentialist theory.

Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness, while deontology focuses on fulfilling duties.

Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility, while deontology is based on the principle of respect for persons.

Utilitarianism is a secular theory, while deontology is a religious theory.

Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness, while virtue ethics focuses on developing good character traits.

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory, while virtue ethics is a non-consequentialist theory.

Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility, while virtue ethics is based on the principle of virtue.

Utilitarianism is a secular theory, while virtue ethics is a religious theory.

Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness, while contractarianism focuses on maximizing social welfare.

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory, while contractarianism is a non-consequentialist theory.

Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility, while contractarianism is based on the principle of justice.

Utilitarianism is a secular theory, while contractarianism is a religious theory.

Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness, while libertarianism focuses on maximizing individual liberty.

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory, while libertarianism is a non-consequentialist theory.

Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility, while libertarianism is based on the principle of individual liberty.

Utilitarianism is a secular theory, while libertarianism is a religious theory.