Fossil fuel extraction is not an ecosystem service because it does not provide any direct benefit to humans from the natural environment.

Biodiversity is the term used to describe the variety of life on Earth, including all living organisms and the ecosystems they inhabit.

Invasive species are not a factor that contributes to biodiversity loss. Invasive species are non-native species that have been introduced to an area and have become a threat to native species.

Ecosystem valuation is the term used to describe the process by which humans benefit from ecosystem services. Ecosystem valuation involves assigning a monetary value to the benefits that humans receive from ecosystems.

The Sahara Desert is not an example of a biodiversity hotspot. Biodiversity hotspots are areas of the world that are particularly rich in biodiversity and are threatened by human activities.

Ecosystem degradation is the term used to describe the process by which ecosystems are degraded or destroyed. Ecosystem degradation can be caused by a variety of factors, including pollution, climate change, and human activities.

Mineral extraction is not an example of an ecosystem service that is provided by forests. Mineral extraction is the process of removing minerals from the Earth's crust, and it does not provide any direct benefit to humans from the natural environment.

Ecosystem management is the term used to describe the process by which humans manage ecosystems to ensure their long-term sustainability. Ecosystem management involves a variety of activities, including conservation, restoration, and protection.

Fossil fuels are not an example of a benefit that humans receive from biodiversity. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources that are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals, and they do not provide any direct benefit to humans from the natural environment.

Ecosystem restoration is the term used to describe the process by which humans restore degraded ecosystems to their natural state. Ecosystem restoration involves a variety of activities, including planting trees, restoring wetlands, and removing invasive species.

Sustainable agriculture is not an example of a threat to biodiversity. Sustainable agriculture is a set of practices that are designed to minimize the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment, including biodiversity.

Ecosystem protection is the term used to describe the process by which humans protect ecosystems from degradation or destruction. Ecosystem protection involves a variety of activities, including creating protected areas, regulating pollution, and enforcing environmental laws.

Mineral extraction is not an example of an ecosystem service that is provided by wetlands. Mineral extraction is the process of removing minerals from the Earth's crust, and it does not provide any direct benefit to humans from the natural environment.

Ecosystem conservation is the term used to describe the process by which humans conserve ecosystems and their biodiversity. Ecosystem conservation involves a variety of activities, including creating protected areas, regulating pollution, and enforcing environmental laws.