The Pareto distribution, also known as the 80-20 rule, is a statistical distribution that has been used to model economic inequality. It states that a small percentage of the population (the top 20%) controls a large percentage of the wealth (80%).

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system has made it easier for people to understand and compare economic data, perform complex economic calculations, save and invest money, and borrow money. This has led to greater economic efficiency and growth, but it has also contributed to economic inequality, as those with the most resources are able to take advantage of these opportunities more easily.

The Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or wealth in a society. It is used to measure economic inequality. The Lorenz curve has been used to develop economic policies to reduce inequality, such as progressive taxation and social welfare programs.

The development of Indian mathematics has led to the development of new technologies, new industries, and new economic models. This has contributed to the growth of the Indian economy by increasing productivity, creating jobs, and improving the standard of living.

India faces a number of challenges in addressing economic inequality, including the lack of access to education and healthcare, the lack of job opportunities, and the lack of social safety nets. These challenges make it difficult for people to improve their economic situation and escape poverty.