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Proteins: The Workhorses of the Cell - Delving into Their Structure, Function, and Regulation

Description: Proteins: The Workhorses of the Cell - Delving into Their Structure, Function, and Regulation
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: proteins structure function regulation
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What is the primary structure of a protein?

  1. A linear sequence of amino acids

  2. A three-dimensional arrangement of amino acids

  3. A combination of primary and secondary structures

  4. A combination of primary, secondary, and tertiary structures


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Which of the following interactions stabilizes the secondary structure of a protein?

  1. Hydrogen bonds

  2. Disulfide bonds

  3. Ionic bonds

  4. Van der Waals forces


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds between the backbone NH and CO groups stabilize the secondary structure of a protein.

What is the most common secondary structure in proteins?

  1. Alpha helix

  2. Beta sheet

  3. Random coil

  4. Turn


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The alpha helix is the most common secondary structure in proteins, consisting of a regular, repeating pattern of hydrogen bonds between the backbone NH and CO groups.

Which of the following interactions stabilizes the tertiary structure of a protein?

  1. Hydrogen bonds

  2. Disulfide bonds

  3. Ionic bonds

  4. Hydrophobic interactions


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar side chains stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein by sequestering them away from the aqueous environment.

What is the term for the three-dimensional arrangement of multiple protein subunits?

  1. Primary structure

  2. Secondary structure

  3. Tertiary structure

  4. Quaternary structure


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The quaternary structure of a protein refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of multiple protein subunits.

Which of the following is an example of a globular protein?

  1. Myoglobin

  2. Collagen

  3. Keratin

  4. Actin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Myoglobin is an example of a globular protein, which has a compact, spherical shape.

Which of the following is an example of a fibrous protein?

  1. Myoglobin

  2. Collagen

  3. Keratin

  4. Actin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Collagen is an example of a fibrous protein, which has a long, thread-like shape.

What is the primary function of enzymes?

  1. To catalyze chemical reactions

  2. To transport molecules across membranes

  3. To provide structural support to cells

  4. To regulate gene expression


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The primary function of enzymes is to catalyze chemical reactions, increasing their rate and specificity.

Which of the following is an example of an enzyme?

  1. Amylase

  2. Insulin

  3. Hemoglobin

  4. Collagen


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Amylase is an example of an enzyme, which catalyzes the breakdown of carbohydrates.

What is the term for the molecule that an enzyme acts upon?

  1. Substrate

  2. Product

  3. Cofactor

  4. Inhibitor


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The term for the molecule that an enzyme acts upon is substrate.

Which of the following is an example of a cofactor?

  1. NADH

  2. ATP

  3. Calcium ion

  4. Heme group


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The heme group is an example of a cofactor, which is a non-protein molecule that is required for the activity of an enzyme.

What is the term for the molecule that inhibits the activity of an enzyme?

  1. Substrate

  2. Product

  3. Cofactor

  4. Inhibitor


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The term for the molecule that inhibits the activity of an enzyme is inhibitor.

Which of the following is an example of a competitive inhibitor?

  1. Methotrexate

  2. Penicillin

  3. Aspirin

  4. Cyanide


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Methotrexate is an example of a competitive inhibitor, which binds to the active site of an enzyme and prevents the substrate from binding.

Which of the following is an example of a non-competitive inhibitor?

  1. Methotrexate

  2. Penicillin

  3. Aspirin

  4. Cyanide


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Aspirin is an example of a non-competitive inhibitor, which binds to a site on an enzyme other than the active site and alters its conformation.

What is the term for the process by which cells regulate the expression of genes?

  1. Transcription

  2. Translation

  3. Gene regulation

  4. Protein synthesis


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The term for the process by which cells regulate the expression of genes is gene regulation.

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