Environmentalism is a broad philosophy that encompasses the belief that humans have a moral obligation to protect the natural world and its resources.

The modern environmental movement began in the mid-20th century, with the publication of Rachel Carson's book "Silent Spring" in 1962.

The Love Canal disaster, which involved the dumping of toxic chemicals in a residential area in Niagara Falls, New York, is often credited with raising public awareness about the need for environmental protection.

The Kyoto Protocol was an international agreement signed in 1992 with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change.

Sustainability is the practice of managing natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability.

The animal rights movement advocates for the protection of animal rights and the end of animal exploitation.

The environmental justice movement seeks to address environmental injustices and promote environmental equality.

The conservation movement advocates for the preservation of wilderness areas and the protection of biodiversity.

The restoration movement seeks to restore degraded ecosystems and habitats.

The sustainability movement advocates for the reduction of waste and the adoption of sustainable consumption and production practices.

The renewable energy movement seeks to promote the use of renewable energy sources and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

The water protection movement advocates for the protection of water resources and the prevention of water pollution.

The sustainable agriculture movement seeks to promote sustainable agriculture and reduce the environmental impact of food production.

The forest protection movement advocates for the protection of forests and the prevention of deforestation.

The sustainable transportation movement seeks to promote sustainable transportation and reduce the environmental impact of transportation.