Refugee crises and forced migration can be triggered by a combination of factors, including natural disasters, political instability, economic hardship, and persecution.

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is the primary international organization responsible for coordinating global efforts to address refugee crises and forced migration.

Internal displacement refers to the involuntary movement of people within their own country, often due to conflict, persecution, or natural disasters.

Under international law, countries are required to provide refugees with a minimum standard of protection and assistance, including non-refoulement (the prohibition of returning refugees to a country where they face persecution), the right to work, and access to education.

Turkey has historically hosted the largest number of refugees, with over 3.6 million Syrian refugees as of 2021.

Refugees and IDPs often face a combination of challenges in accessing healthcare, including lack of infrastructure, cultural barriers, language barriers, and discrimination.

Asylum-seeking refers to the process of applying for asylum, which is the protection granted to individuals fleeing persecution in their home country.

The Geneva Convention on Refugees is the primary international treaty that sets out the legal framework for the treatment of refugees.

Host countries often face a combination of challenges in providing education for refugee children, including lack of funding, language barriers, cultural differences, and a lack of qualified teachers.

Integration refers to the process of helping refugees to settle into their new host country and become part of the community.

The World Food Programme (WFP) is the primary international organization responsible for providing humanitarian aid, including food assistance, to refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).

Repatriation refers to the involuntary return of refugees to their country of origin.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the primary international organization responsible for coordinating global efforts to address the root causes of displacement.

Naturalization refers to the process of granting permanent residency and citizenship to refugees.