HDR photography is a technique used to create images with a wider dynamic range than is possible with a single exposure. It is not typically considered a fine art photography technique.

Long exposure is a technique used to create a sense of movement in an image. This is done by using a slow shutter speed, which allows more light to enter the camera and blur the moving objects in the scene.

Macro photography is a type of photography that uses a specialized lens to magnify small objects. Close-up photography is a type of photography that uses a telephoto lens to magnify distant objects. Macro photography is a more specialized form of photography than close-up photography.

A shallow depth of field is a technique used to create a sense of isolation in an image. This is done by using a wide aperture, which blurs the background and foreground of the image and draws attention to the subject.

A starburst effect is a technique used to create a sense of wonder in an image. This is done by using a small aperture, which diffracts the light from the sun or moon and creates a star-shaped pattern.

Abstract images are not typically considered a common fine art photography subject. They are more commonly found in contemporary art photography.

A neutral density filter is a type of filter that reduces the amount of light entering the camera. This is useful for creating long exposure images or for reducing the depth of field.

A polarizing filter is a type of filter that reduces reflections from non-metallic surfaces. This is useful for reducing glare from water or glass, or for increasing the contrast between the sky and the clouds.

A graduated neutral density filter is a type of filter that reduces the amount of light entering the camera in the upper part of the image. This is useful for balancing the exposure between the sky and the foreground.

A color filter is a type of filter that changes the color of the light entering the camera. This is useful for creating special effects or for correcting the color balance of an image.

A diffusion filter is a type of filter that softens the image. This is useful for creating a dreamy or ethereal look.

A vignette is a technique used to create a dark border around the edges of an image. This is useful for drawing attention to the center of the image.

A frame is a decorative element that is used to surround an image. This is useful for adding a personal touch to an image or for making it more visually appealing.

A mat is a piece of material that is placed between the image and the frame. This is useful for protecting the image from damage.