Ordeal by fire was a common practice in medieval courts, where the accused would walk barefoot over hot coals or hold a hot iron bar to prove their innocence.

Compurgators were individuals who testified to the good character and reputation of the accused, vouching for their honesty and trustworthiness.

The Petition of Right was a legal mechanism that enabled individuals to petition the monarch directly for redress of grievances and to seek justice in cases where ordinary courts failed to provide relief.

The Coroner's primary responsibility was to investigate sudden, suspicious, or unexplained deaths, and to determine the cause and manner of death.

Habeas Corpus is a legal principle that allows individuals to challenge the legality of their detention and to seek release from unlawful imprisonment.

The Assize of Clarendon was a series of legal reforms introduced by King Henry II of England in 1166, aimed at reforming the royal courts and improving the administration of justice.

The Right to Remain Silent is a legal principle that allows individuals to refuse to answer questions during police interrogation without facing adverse consequences.

The Court of Exchequer was primarily responsible for handling financial matters related to the royal treasury, including collecting taxes, managing royal revenues, and auditing financial accounts.

Double Jeopardy is a legal principle that prohibits individuals from being tried more than once for the same offense.

The Magna Carta was a charter issued by King John of England in 1215, aimed at protecting the rights and privileges of the barons and other free men.

The Right to Counsel is a legal principle that allows individuals to be represented by an attorney in court, ensuring that they have access to legal advice and representation.

The Court of Common Pleas was primarily responsible for handling civil disputes between individuals, such as disputes over property, contracts, and debts.

Trial by Jury is a legal principle that allows individuals to be tried by a jury of their peers, rather than by a judge alone.

The Statute of Westminster I was a series of legal reforms introduced by King Edward I of England in 1275, aimed at reforming the royal courts and improving the administration of justice.

Judicial Review is a legal principle that allows courts to review the validity of laws and to determine whether they are consistent with the constitution or other higher laws.