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Genetic Diversity and Human Health

Description: Genetic Diversity and Human Health
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: genetics biodiversity health
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What is the term for the variation in the genetic makeup of a population?

  1. Genetic diversity

  2. Genetic uniformity

  3. Genetic drift

  4. Genetic bottleneck


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Genetic diversity refers to the variation in the genetic makeup of a population, which can be measured by the number of alleles at a given locus or the proportion of individuals with different genotypes.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic diversity?

  1. Increased resistance to disease

  2. Increased adaptability to environmental changes

  3. Increased risk of inbreeding depression

  4. Increased productivity of agricultural crops


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Inbreeding depression is a decrease in the fitness of offspring that results from mating between closely related individuals. It is more likely to occur in populations with low genetic diversity.

What is the term for the loss of genetic diversity due to a reduction in the size of a population?

  1. Genetic drift

  2. Genetic bottleneck

  3. Founder effect

  4. Mutation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A genetic bottleneck is a reduction in the size of a population that can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. This can occur due to natural disasters, hunting, or other factors.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of genetic drift?

  1. Natural selection

  2. Mutation

  3. Migration

  4. Small population size


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Natural selection is a process that leads to the differential survival and reproduction of individuals with certain traits. It is not a cause of genetic drift, which is a random process that can lead to changes in allele frequencies.

What is the term for the introduction of new alleles into a population?

  1. Gene flow

  2. Mutation

  3. Genetic drift

  4. Founder effect


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gene flow is the movement of alleles between populations. It can occur through migration, mating, or other mechanisms.

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of inbreeding?

  1. Increased homozygosity

  2. Increased risk of genetic disorders

  3. Increased genetic diversity

  4. Reduced fitness


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Inbreeding leads to an increase in homozygosity, which can increase the risk of genetic disorders and reduce fitness. It does not lead to an increase in genetic diversity.

What is the term for the genetic makeup of an individual?

  1. Genome

  2. Genotype

  3. Phenotype

  4. Karyotype


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The genotype of an individual is the genetic makeup of that individual, consisting of the alleles at all of their genes.

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic variation?

  1. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

  2. Insertion/deletion (InDel)

  3. Copy number variation (CNV)

  4. Epigenetic modification


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Epigenetic modifications are changes in gene expression that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence. They are not considered to be a type of genetic variation.

What is the term for the study of genetic variation?

  1. Genomics

  2. Genetics

  3. Molecular biology

  4. Bioinformatics


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Genomics is the study of genetic variation and its relationship to health and disease.

Which of the following is NOT a genetic disorder?

  1. Sickle cell anemia

  2. Cystic fibrosis

  3. Down syndrome

  4. Cancer


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cancer is not a genetic disorder, although it can be caused by genetic mutations. Genetic disorders are caused by changes in the DNA sequence that are inherited from parents.

What is the term for a genetic test that can identify individuals who are at risk for a particular genetic disorder?

  1. Prenatal screening

  2. Carrier screening

  3. Diagnostic testing

  4. Predictive testing


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Predictive testing is a genetic test that can identify individuals who are at risk for a particular genetic disorder, even if they do not have any symptoms.

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic therapy?

  1. Gene therapy

  2. Cell therapy

  3. Pharmacogenomics

  4. Stem cell therapy


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic variation affects an individual's response to drugs. It is not a type of genetic therapy.

What is the term for the use of genetic information to develop new drugs and treatments?

  1. Pharmacogenomics

  2. Genomics medicine

  3. Personalized medicine

  4. Precision medicine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Pharmacogenomics is the use of genetic information to develop new drugs and treatments that are tailored to an individual's genetic makeup.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic diversity in human populations?

  1. Increased resistance to disease

  2. Increased adaptability to environmental changes

  3. Increased risk of genetic disorders

  4. Increased productivity of agricultural crops


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Genetic diversity in human populations is beneficial because it increases resistance to disease and adaptability to environmental changes. It does not increase the risk of genetic disorders.

What is the term for the study of the relationship between genes and health?

  1. Genomics

  2. Genetics

  3. Genomics medicine

  4. Personalized medicine


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Genomics medicine is the study of the relationship between genes and health. It uses genetic information to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease.

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