The primary function of the neuron is to transmit electrical signals, known as action potentials, to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, which is a specialized structure that allows for the transmission of electrical or chemical signals from one neuron to another.

Neurotransmitters play multiple roles in synaptic transmission, including facilitating the transmission of electrical signals, inhibiting the transmission of electrical signals, and regulating the strength of synaptic connections.

The process by which neurons communicate with each other is called synaptic transmission, which involves the release of neurotransmitters from one neuron and their binding to receptors on another neuron.

The gradual strengthening of synaptic connections over time is called long-term potentiation, which is a form of synaptic plasticity that is thought to be a cellular mechanism for learning and memory.

The process by which the brain reorganizes itself after injury or disease is called neuroplasticity, which involves changes in the structure and function of the brain in response to new experiences or challenges.

The formation of new neurons in the adult brain is called neurogenesis, which occurs in specific regions of the brain and is thought to be important for learning, memory, and mood regulation.

The process by which axons grow and form new connections with other neurons is called axonal sprouting, which is a form of neuroplasticity that occurs in response to injury or disease.

The branching of dendrites to form new connections with other neurons is called dendritic arborization, which is a form of neuroplasticity that occurs in response to new experiences or challenges.

The Hodgkin-Huxley model is a mathematical model that describes the firing rate of a neuron, taking into account the flow of ions across the neuron's membrane.

A neural network model is a mathematical model that describes the behavior of a network of neurons, taking into account the connections between neurons and the firing rates of individual neurons.

The backpropagation algorithm is a mathematical model that describes the learning process in a neural network, allowing the network to adjust its weights in order to minimize the error in its predictions.

The Kohonen network is a mathematical model that describes the self-organization of a neural network, allowing the network to form clusters of neurons that respond to similar input patterns.

The Hopfield network is a mathematical model that describes the associative memory in a neural network, allowing the network to store and retrieve patterns of information.

The neural mass model is a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of a neural network, taking into account the average firing rates of populations of neurons.