Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, is widely recognized for his voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, which led to the discovery of the Americas.

Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, led the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe, setting sail in 1519 and returning in 1522.

Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, made history by discovering the sea route to India around Africa in 1498, opening up new trade routes and establishing direct contact between Europe and Asia.

David Livingstone, a Scottish explorer and missionary, is celebrated for his extensive explorations of Africa, particularly his journeys to discover the source of the Nile River and his efforts to end the slave trade.

Robert Peary, an American explorer, is credited with reaching the North Pole in 1909, becoming the first person to successfully navigate the treacherous Arctic conditions and reach the Earth's northernmost point.

John Hanning Speke, a British explorer, is recognized for his discovery of the source of the Nile River in 1858, a significant milestone in the exploration of Africa.

Francisco de Orellana, a Spanish explorer, is renowned for his exploration of the Amazon River in 1541, becoming the first European to navigate its entire length.

Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, achieved the historic feat of discovering the Northwest Passage in 1903-1906, completing the first successful navigation of the Arctic sea route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

James Cook, a British explorer, is widely recognized for his discovery of Australia's eastern coast in 1770, which led to the establishment of British colonies and the eventual formation of the nation.

Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, made history by reaching the South Pole in 1911, becoming the first person to successfully navigate the treacherous Antarctic conditions and reach the Earth's southernmost point.

Hiram Bingham, an American explorer and historian, is renowned for his discovery of the lost city of Machu Picchu in 1911, bringing worldwide attention to this ancient Inca citadel.

Henry Morton Stanley, a Welsh-American explorer and journalist, is famous for his explorations of the Congo River in the 1870s, mapping its course and contributing to the understanding of the African continent.

David Livingstone, a Scottish explorer and missionary, is renowned for his discovery of the Victoria Falls in 1855, one of the largest waterfalls in the world, located on the Zambezi River between Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Roy Chapman Andrews, an American explorer and naturalist, is famous for his expeditions to the Gobi Desert in the early 20th century, where he discovered numerous dinosaur fossils and shed light on the region's paleontological history.

Heinrich Schliemann, a German businessman and amateur archaeologist, is renowned for his discovery of the ancient city of Troy in Turkey in the 1870s, confirming the existence of the legendary city from Homer's epic poems.