Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is widely recognized as the birthplace of the first formal education system.

In ancient Egypt, education was primarily focused on preparing students for careers in government administration and bureaucracy.

Socrates, known for his method of inquiry and questioning, is widely regarded as the father of Western philosophy and education.

Socrates used the dialectic method, involving critical questioning and argumentation, to engage students in philosophical discussions and encourage critical thinking.

Confucius, a prominent Chinese philosopher, stressed the significance of self-cultivation, moral conduct, and social harmony in education.

In ancient India, education was largely centered around religious studies, particularly the study of sacred texts and rituals.

Mesopotamia, known for its advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge, developed a sexagesimal system and made significant contributions to geometry and trigonometry.

The Academy, founded by Plato, was a renowned educational institution in ancient Greece dedicated to philosophical studies and intellectual pursuits.

Plato, in his work 'The Republic,' explored the idea of an ideal state and emphasized the importance of education in shaping virtuous citizens.

Aristotle used discussion and debate as his primary teaching method, encouraging students to engage in critical thinking and philosophical inquiry.

Mencius, a prominent Chinese philosopher, promoted the idea of a meritocratic government and stressed the significance of education in developing virtuous leaders.

In ancient Rome, education emphasized rhetoric, public speaking, and oratory skills, preparing students for careers in politics and law.

Sparta, known for its military prowess, implemented a rigorous system of education that included compulsory schooling for boys, focusing on physical training and military skills.

In ancient Persia, education aimed to prepare students for careers in government administration and bureaucracy, emphasizing loyalty, obedience, and moral conduct.

Ancient India had a tradition of education that included both boys and girls, with a focus on religious studies, literature, and practical skills.