Hesiod, in his poem Works and Days, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of ages, with each age being characterized by a decline in morality and virtue.

The Theory of Historical Cycles is a theory that states that history is a series of repeating cycles, each of which begins with a period of chaos and ends with a period of order.

Giambattista Vico, in his book The Science of New History, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of history, in which history repeats itself in a series of corsi (courses) and ricorsi (recourses).

The Theory of Historical Progress is a theory that states that history is a linear progression from a primitive state to a more advanced state.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, in his book The Philosophy of History, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of history, in which history repeats itself in a series of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.

The Theory of Historical Contingency is a theory that states that history is a series of random and unpredictable events.

Nikolai Danilevsky, in his book The Historical Process, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of history, in which history repeats itself in a series of cultural-historical types.

The Theory of Historical Materialism is a theory that states that history is a series of long-term trends that are driven by underlying economic, social, and technological forces.

Arnold J. Toynbee, in his book A Study of History, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of history, in which history repeats itself in a series of civilizations.

The Theory of Historical Fluctuation is a theory that states that history is a series of short-term fluctuations that are driven by random events.

Karl Polanyi, in his book The Great Transformation, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of history, in which history repeats itself in a series of market economies and non-market economies.

The Theory of Historical Culturalism is a theory that states that history is a series of long-term trends that are driven by underlying cultural and ideological forces.

Oswald Spengler, in his book The Decline of the West, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of history, in which history repeats itself in a series of civilizations.

The Theory of Historical Political Fluctuation is a theory that states that history is a series of short-term fluctuations that are driven by political events.

Laozi, in his book The Book of Changes, proposed the idea of a cyclical pattern of history, in which history repeats itself in a series of yin and yang.