Vehicle emissions, particularly from diesel engines, are a significant source of air pollution in urban areas, releasing harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. It traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and associated environmental impacts.

Logging, particularly for commercial purposes, is a significant cause of deforestation. The clearing of forests for timber and other resources contributes to habitat loss, biodiversity reduction, and climate change.

Carbon mitigation refers to the collective efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate their impact on climate change. It involves various strategies such as energy efficiency, renewable energy adoption, and sustainable land use practices.

The Paris Agreement is a landmark international agreement adopted in 2015. Its primary goal is to limit global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. It also aims to enhance countries' ability to adapt to the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable development.

Carbon capture refers to the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide from various sources, such as industrial emissions or the atmosphere. It is a key technology in reducing greenhouse gas concentrations and mitigating climate change.

Hydropower is a renewable energy source that utilizes the energy of flowing water to generate electricity. It involves the construction of dams or other structures to harness the power of water currents or waterfalls.

Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in areas that were not previously forested. It is a strategy used to increase forest cover, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and mitigate climate change.

Agricultural runoff, particularly from fertilizers and pesticides, is a significant source of water pollution. These chemicals can contaminate water bodies, leading to eutrophication, algal blooms, and harm to aquatic ecosystems.

Waste reduction refers to the practices and strategies aimed at minimizing the amount of waste generated. It involves reducing the use of disposable products, reusing items, and composting organic materials.

Industrial waste disposal, particularly the improper disposal of hazardous chemicals and heavy metals, is a major cause of soil pollution. These contaminants can accumulate in the soil, affecting its fertility and posing risks to human health and ecosystems.

Recycling refers to the process of converting waste materials, such as paper, plastic, and metal, into new and useful products. It helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and conserve natural resources.

Traffic congestion, particularly in urban areas, is a major source of noise pollution. The noise generated by vehicles, horns, and sirens can have adverse effects on human health and well-being.

Composting refers to the process of breaking down organic materials, such as food scraps and yard waste, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. It helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and improve soil fertility.

Streetlights, particularly excessive or poorly designed lighting, are a major source of light pollution. They can disrupt natural light cycles, affect wildlife behavior, and contribute to energy waste.