Pythagoras, the ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, believed that music was a reflection of the mathematical order of the universe and that it had a profound moral and ethical influence on human behavior.

Plato believed that music could influence the moral character of individuals and society as a whole. He argued that certain types of music could inspire noble and virtuous behavior, while others could have a negative and corrupting influence.

Pythagoras believed that the movements of the planets and stars created a harmonious symphony that could be heard by those who were attuned to it. This concept of the "musica universalis" influenced many philosophers and musicians throughout history.

Aristotle argued that music, like poetry and other forms of art, is an imitation of nature. He believed that music could capture the beauty and order of the natural world and that it could evoke powerful emotions in listeners.

Hegel believed that music, like other forms of art, is a manifestation of the Absolute Spirit and that it can reveal deep truths about the nature of reality. He argued that music can express emotions and ideas that cannot be captured in words.

Schopenhauer believed that music is a powerful and universal language that can communicate emotions and ideas that cannot be expressed in words. He also argued that music is a direct expression of the Will, the fundamental driving force of the universe, and that it can provide a glimpse into the inner workings of the mind.

Roland Barthes argued that the meaning of a musical work is not fixed by the composer but is rather created by the listener. He believed that the author's intention is irrelevant and that the listener is free to interpret the music in their own way.

Adorno believed that music can be a powerful tool for social and political critique. He argued that music can expose the contradictions and injustices of society and that it can inspire people to resist oppression and work towards a better world.

Nietzsche believed that music is a form of play that is essential for human flourishing. He argued that music allows us to experience a sense of freedom and joy and that it can help us to overcome the limitations of everyday life.

Sloboda argues that music can influence our emotions, our thoughts, and our physical well-being. He cites evidence that music can reduce stress, improve mood, boost creativity, and even enhance athletic performance.

Pinker argues that music is a form of communication that is unique to humans and that it evolved as a way for us to share information, emotions, and ideas. He believes that music is a powerful tool for social bonding and cooperation.

Langer argued that music is a symbolic form that can express emotions and ideas that cannot be captured in words. She believed that music is a non-discursive language that speaks directly to the emotions and that it can provide a unique insight into the human condition.

Nietzsche argued that music is a form of knowledge that is superior to rational thought because it can access the deeper truths of life that are beyond the reach of reason. He believed that music can provide a glimpse into the Dionysian realm of chaos and passion and that it can help us to overcome the limitations of our rational minds.

Nietzsche argued that music is a synthesis of the Dionysian and Apollonian forces. The Dionysian force is associated with chaos, passion, and irrationality, while the Apollonian force is associated with order, reason, and clarity. Nietzsche believed that music can bring these two forces into harmony and that it can provide a glimpse into the true nature of reality.

Plato, Aristotle, and Pythagoras all believed that music had therapeutic properties. Plato argued that music could soothe the soul and bring about a state of inner harmony. Aristotle believed that music could purge the emotions and provide a cathartic release. Pythagoras believed that music could heal the body and the soul by restoring balance and harmony.