Human activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agriculture, are the primary cause of soil contamination.

Organic matter is not typically considered a soil contaminant, as it is a natural component of soil.

Remediation is the process of removing or reducing soil contamination.

Excavation and disposal is not a common remediation method for soil contamination, as it is expensive and can be disruptive to the environment.

Phytoremediation is the process of using plants to remove or reduce soil contamination.

Excavation and disposal is not a type of in-situ treatment for soil contamination, as it involves removing the contaminated soil from the site.

Bioremediation is the process of using microorganisms to remove or reduce soil contamination.

Phytoremediation is not a type of bioremediation, as it involves using plants to remove or reduce soil contamination.

Chemical oxidation is the process of injecting chemicals into the soil to oxidize and break down contaminants.

Phytoremediation is not a type of chemical oxidation, as it involves using plants to remove or reduce soil contamination.

Thermal desorption is the process of heating the soil to high temperatures to destroy contaminants.

Phytoremediation is not a type of thermal desorption, as it involves using plants to remove or reduce soil contamination.

Excavation and disposal is the process of removing contaminated soil and replacing it with clean soil.

Phytoremediation is not a type of excavation and disposal, as it involves using plants to remove or reduce soil contamination.

Performance monitoring is the process of monitoring the effectiveness of soil remediation.