Genetic engineering in agriculture aims to achieve multiple goals, including increasing crop yield, improving crop resistance to pests and diseases, and enhancing the nutritional value of crops.

Transgenesis involves transferring a gene from one organism to another, resulting in the production of a genetically modified organism (GMO).

Genome editing refers to the process of making precise changes to an organism's DNA using techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful gene editing technique that employs a guide RNA to target and modify specific DNA sequences.

Cisgenesis involves transferring a gene from a closely related species into the genome of a crop plant, ensuring that the transferred gene is similar to genes already present in the plant.

Gene silencing refers to the process of reducing or eliminating the expression of a specific gene, thereby altering the organism's traits.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing technique that employs small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target and degrade specific mRNAs, preventing the translation of those mRNAs into proteins.

Herbicide-tolerant GMOs are genetically modified organisms that have been engineered to resist the effects of specific herbicides, allowing farmers to use herbicides without harming the crop.

Transgenesis can be used to insert a gene from a bacterium into the genome of a crop plant, conferring resistance to a specific insect pest.

Vitamin-enriched GMOs are genetically modified organisms that have been engineered to produce a specific vitamin or nutrient, enhancing the nutritional value of the crop.

ZFNs are a gene editing technique that utilizes zinc finger nucleases to target and modify specific DNA sequences.

Disease-resistant GMOs are genetically modified organisms that have been engineered to resist a specific disease, reducing crop losses and increasing productivity.

TALENs are a gene editing technique that utilizes transcription activator-like effector nucleases to target and modify specific DNA sequences.

Transgenesis can also involve introducing a gene from a distantly related species into the genome of a crop plant.

Meganucleases are a gene editing technique that utilizes meganucleases to target and modify specific DNA sequences.