Adam Smith is widely regarded as the father of economics due to his groundbreaking work, "The Wealth of Nations", which laid the foundation for classical economics.

Classical economists believed that the economy has a natural tendency to move towards full employment and that government intervention should be minimal.

David Ricardo developed the theory of comparative advantage, which explains why countries should specialize in producing goods in which they have a comparative advantage.

Malthus argued that population growth has a natural tendency to outpace food production, leading to a struggle for resources and widespread famine.

John Maynard Keynes is widely regarded as the father of modern economics due to his groundbreaking work, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money", which revolutionized economic thought.

Keynesian economics emphasizes the role of aggregate demand in determining economic activity and argues that government spending can be used to stimulate economic growth.

Milton Friedman developed the quantity theory of money, which states that the money supply is the key determinant of the price level.

Hayek argued that government intervention in the economy undermines individual liberty and leads to socialism and tyranny.

Joseph Schumpeter developed the theory of creative destruction, which states that economic progress is driven by the replacement of old technologies and industries with new ones.

Sen argues that economic development should be measured by human well-being, which includes factors such as health, education, and political freedom.

Daniel Kahneman is widely regarded as the father of behavioral economics, which studies how psychological factors influence economic decision-making.

Thaler argues that people can be nudged to make better economic decisions by changing the way choices are presented, such as by making healthy options more prominent or by providing default options.

Warren Mosler is considered the father of modern monetary theory, which argues that governments can create money without causing inflation.

Kelton argues that government deficits do not matter as long as the economy is growing, because the government can always create more money to pay off its debts.