Minerals are primarily classified based on their chemical composition, which determines their unique properties and characteristics.

Native elements are not considered a major mineral class because they are composed of a single element, rather than a combination of elements like other mineral classes.

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust, comprising about 12% of its mass. It is a silicate mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms.

Micas are a group of silicate minerals that are characterized by their ability to cleave into thin, flexible sheets. This property makes them useful in various applications, such as electrical insulation and construction materials.

Hardness is a measure of a mineral's resistance to being scratched. It is determined by comparing the mineral to a set of standard minerals known as the Mohs scale of hardness.

Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum that is characterized by its intense red color. It is a popular gemstone due to its beauty and rarity.

Luster is a term used to describe the way a mineral reflects light. It can be metallic, non-metallic, or pearly, among other types.

Iron ore is the primary source of iron, which is a key component in the production of steel. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and iron ore is mined and processed to extract the iron needed for steel production.

Streak is the color of a mineral in powdered form. It is determined by rubbing the mineral against a streak plate, which is a piece of unglazed porcelain.

Diamond is a mineral composed of pure carbon and is known for its cubic crystal structure. It is the hardest known natural material and is widely used in jewelry due to its brilliance and durability.

Cleavage is a term used to describe a mineral's ability to break along specific planes of weakness. It is a characteristic that can be used to identify minerals and distinguish them from one another.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate. It is commonly used in the production of cement, which is a binding material used in construction.

Conductivity is a term used to describe a mineral's ability to conduct electricity. It is a property that is important in the classification of minerals and is used to identify certain types of minerals, such as metals.

Silica, in the form of sand or quartz, is the primary component used in the production of glass. It provides the basic structure and transparency to glass products.

Effervescence is a term used to describe a mineral's reaction to hydrochloric acid. Some minerals, such as carbonates, will react with hydrochloric acid and produce bubbles of carbon dioxide gas, causing effervescence.