The Industrial Revolution brought about immense technological advancements and economic changes, transforming the social and political fabric of Victorian Britain.

Gothic Novels, characterized by their dark and atmospheric settings, gained immense popularity during the Victorian era, reflecting the societal fascination with the supernatural and the macabre.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti was a central figure in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, known for his evocative poetry and paintings that drew inspiration from medieval and Renaissance art.

The 'New Woman' represented a shift in societal attitudes towards women, reflecting the changing roles and expectations in the Victorian era.

Charles Dickens, through his novels, vividly depicted the social inequalities and injustices of Victorian society, often using satire and grotesque imagery.

The 'art for art's sake' movement emphasized the inherent value of art, valuing its aesthetic qualities over its moral or didactic functions.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poetry often delved into profound themes of mortality, faith, and the beauty of the natural world.

The expansion of the British Empire during the Victorian era brought about a multitude of effects, including increased trade, cultural influence, and geopolitical tensions.

Thomas Hardy's novels often explored the darker aspects of human nature, delving into psychological and moral complexities.

The Chartist Movement aimed to improve working conditions and workers' rights, advocating for political reforms such as universal suffrage and the secret ballot.

Charlotte Brontë's novels often explored social issues, shedding light on the struggles faced by women and the working class in Victorian society.

Biology, particularly the study of evolution and natural selection, saw significant advancements during the Victorian era, thanks to the work of scientists like Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.

Sir Walter Scott is renowned for his historical novels, which brought to life past eras and historical figures.

Realism emerged as a significant literary movement during the Victorian era, emphasizing the depiction of everyday life and the social realities of the time.

George Eliot's novels often explored psychological and philosophical themes, delving into the complexities of human nature and the moral choices individuals make.