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The Essence and Existence Distinction

Description: The Essence and Existence Distinction Quiz
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: philosophy medieval philosophy essence existence
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Who is credited with first formulating the essence and existence distinction?

  1. Plato

  2. Aristotle

  3. Thomas Aquinas

  4. John Duns Scotus

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Thomas Aquinas was the first philosopher to explicitly formulate the distinction between essence and existence.

What is the essence of a thing?

  1. Its essential properties

  2. Its accidental properties

  3. Its existence

  4. Its non-existence

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The essence of a thing is the set of properties that are essential to its being what it is.

What is the existence of a thing?

  1. Its essential properties

  2. Its accidental properties

  3. Its being

  4. Its non-being

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The existence of a thing is its being or actuality.

How are essence and existence related?

  1. They are identical.

  2. They are distinct.

  3. They are partially identical and partially distinct.

  4. They are unrelated.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Essence and existence are distinct because a thing can have an essence without existing, and a thing can exist without having an essence.

What are some of the implications of the essence and existence distinction?

  1. It allows for the possibility of abstract objects.

  2. It allows for the possibility of change.

  3. It allows for the possibility of creation and annihilation.

  4. All of the above.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The essence and existence distinction has a number of implications, including the possibility of abstract objects, change, creation, and annihilation.

What is the problem of evil?

  1. The problem of why there is evil in the world.

  2. The problem of why God allows evil to exist.

  3. The problem of why people do evil things.

  4. All of the above.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The problem of evil is a complex problem that has been debated by philosophers and theologians for centuries.

What are some of the possible solutions to the problem of evil?

  1. God does not exist.

  2. God is not all-powerful.

  3. God is not all-good.

  4. Evil is a necessary part of the world.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

There is no single, universally accepted solution to the problem of evil.

What is the free will defense?

  1. The defense that God allows evil to exist because he wants us to have free will.

  2. The defense that God allows evil to exist because he is testing us.

  3. The defense that God allows evil to exist because he is punishing us.

  4. The defense that God allows evil to exist because he is indifferent to our suffering.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The free will defense is one of the most common defenses against the problem of evil.

What are some of the objections to the free will defense?

  1. It is not clear that free will is a necessary condition for moral responsibility.

  2. It is not clear that God could not have created a world in which we have free will and no evil.

  3. It is not clear that the amount of evil in the world is justified by the benefits of free will.

  4. All of the above.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

There are a number of objections to the free will defense, including the objections listed above.

What is the problem of suffering?

  1. The problem of why there is suffering in the world.

  2. The problem of why God allows suffering to exist.

  3. The problem of why people suffer.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The problem of suffering is a complex problem that has been debated by philosophers and theologians for centuries.

What are some of the possible solutions to the problem of suffering?

  1. God does not exist.

  2. God is not all-powerful.

  3. God is not all-good.

  4. Suffering is a necessary part of the world.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

There is no single, universally accepted solution to the problem of suffering.

What is the evidential argument from evil?

  1. The argument that the existence of evil is evidence against the existence of God.

  2. The argument that the existence of evil is evidence against the goodness of God.

  3. The argument that the existence of evil is evidence against the power of God.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The evidential argument from evil is a powerful argument against the existence of God.

What are some of the objections to the evidential argument from evil?

  1. The argument relies on a false definition of evil.

  2. The argument ignores the possibility of free will.

  3. The argument ignores the possibility that God has a good reason for allowing evil to exist.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

There are a number of objections to the evidential argument from evil, including the objections listed above.

What is the problem of hell?

  1. The problem of why God would create a place of eternal punishment.

  2. The problem of why God would send people to hell.

  3. The problem of why people deserve to go to hell.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The problem of hell is a complex problem that has been debated by philosophers and theologians for centuries.

What are some of the possible solutions to the problem of hell?

  1. Hell does not exist.

  2. God does not send people to hell.

  3. People deserve to go to hell.

  4. Hell is a necessary part of the world.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

There is no single, universally accepted solution to the problem of hell.

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