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Child Development Test - 12

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In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the bell (prior to conditioning) was the

  1. neutral stimulus

  2. unconditioned stimulus

  3. conditioned stimulus

  4. unconditioned response


Correct Option: A

For the connection between the CS and the CR to be strengthened, the CS must

  1. generalize to the UR

  2. precede the US

  3. be identical to the US

  4. be followed by the UR


Correct Option: B

From the perspective of the life-span psychologist, life stages are important because

  1. they represent the outcome of major biological changes

  2. they present a set of developmental tasks to be mastered

  3. they provide insight into the values and aspirations of particular cultures

  4. their beginning and end are perfectly correlated with chronological age


Correct Option: B

Initiative and independence are fostered by

  1. restricting a child's freedom to play, to use imagination and to choose activities

  2. identity versus role confusion

  3. encouragement from parents when a child plans and carries out a task

  4. mastering psychomotor skills


Correct Option: C

ADHD in children is most often treated with the drug

  1. Haldol

  2. Thorazine

  3. Ritalin

  4. Valium


Correct Option: C

Stuttering is considered a

  1. side effect of authoritarian parenting

  2. result of fixation caused by conflicts during toilet training

  3. psychological consequence of permissive parenting

  4. problem with a physical origin


Correct Option: D

Billy has a mental age of 8 and a chronological age of 10. Billy's IQ is

  1. 108

  2. 125

  3. 80

  4. 92


Correct Option: C

The fact that fraternal twins are more similar in intelligence than ordinary siblings suggests the importance of

  1. common hereditary factors

  2. common environmental factors

  3. genetic effects

  4. effects of intrauterine environment


Correct Option: B

A psychologist administers an intelligence test to 100 fourth graders. One month later, the psychologist returns and readministers the test. The psychologist is probably interested in

  1. the validity of the test

  2. an operational definition of "intelligence"

  3. the creation of a "culture fair" test

  4. the reliability of the test


Correct Option: D

A large number of people were asked to answer only the odd-numbered questions on a test. Later, they were asked to answer only the even-numbered questions. By comparing each person's two scores, a determination of the test's __________ reliability could be made.

  1. split-half

  2. equivalent form

  3. test-retest

  4. alternative form


Correct Option: A

Twenty years after graduating, a subject is able to correctly identify photographs of students, with whom she attended high school, from a larger group of strangers. To do so she has used

  1. recall

  2. recognition

  3. eidetic imagery

  4. reminiscence


Correct Option: B

Cue-dependent (or context dependent) theories of memory suggest that you would do best on your chemistry test if you could be tested

  1. in the room where you studied

  2. in a chemistry laboratory

  3. with a large group of chemistry majors

  4. with students who share your interests


Correct Option: A

The concept of traits is used to account personal characteristics that are

  1. biologically determined

  2. relatively permanent and enduring

  3. situation specific

  4. shared by a group


Correct Option: B

The five-factor model of personality includes

  1. social interactions

  2. neuroticism

  3. agreeableness

  4. sense of humour


Correct Option: C

The definition of memory is that it is an active system that receives, organizes and

  1. stores information

  2. decays information

  3. filters all incoming information

  4. discards old information


Correct Option: A

__________ theory maximized and __________ theory minimized the role of the unconscious.

  1. Trait, humanistic

  2. Psychoanalytic, behaviourist

  3. Psychoanalytic, humanistic

  4. Trait, behaviourist


Correct Option: B

What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction?

  1. Situations change traits

  2. Situations create new traits

  3. Provide the means for achieving control over a hostile environment

  4. Transmit specific information for solving developmental tasks


Correct Option: B

According to Jung, art, religion, myths and drama are important to individual functioning because they

  1. facilitate conscious development

  2. are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes

  3. provide the means for achieving control over a hostile environment

  4. transmit specific information for solving developmental tasks


Correct Option: B

In a newborn infant, one could expect total sleep time each day to approach

  1. 24 hours

  2. 20 hours

  3. 12 hours

  4. 8 hours


Correct Option: B

Taste aversions are a type of classical conditioning, and if there is a long delay between the CS and US, conditioning is usually prevented. The fact that people and animals can develop taste aversions, even though sickness occurs long after eating, indicates that

  1. taste aversions are really more like operant conditioning

  2. taste aversions can be unlearned as well

  3. there is a biological tendency to associate sickness with any food eaten earlier

  4. there is less aversion associated with the actual sickness than with whatever caused the sickness in the first place


Correct Option: C

The unconditioned stimulus, by definition, leads to a(n)

  1. conditioned response

  2. conditioned stimulus

  3. unconditioned response

  4. classic response


Correct Option: C

Which of the following best describes punishment?

  1. Addition of a positive event

  2. Addition of an aversive event

  3. Declining frequency of response

  4. Withdrawal of a negative event


Correct Option: B

Negative reinforcement __________ responding, punishment __________ responding.

  1. increases, increases

  2. decreases, decreases

  3. increases, decreases

  4. decreases, increases


Correct Option: C

In operant conditioning, what is the relationship between events critical to learning and the response to be learned?

  1. They occur before the response.

  2. They occur after the response.

  3. They occur simultaneously with the response.

  4. They are unrelated to the response.


Correct Option: B

To understand personality, trait theorists attempt to

  1. create traits that fit people

  2. increase the number of basic traits that have been identified

  3. classify traits and discover how they are related to behaviour

  4. reduce the common traits to measures of temperament


Correct Option: C
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