To ensure that laws are constitutional.

To interpret the meaning of laws.

To apply laws to specific cases.

To create new laws.

The Supreme Court of the United States

The federal circuit courts of appeals

The state supreme courts

The federal district courts

The principle that courts should follow precedent.

The principle that courts should interpret laws narrowly.

The principle that courts should interpret laws broadly.

The principle that courts should create new laws.

Facial challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law on its face, while as-applied challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law as applied to a specific case.

Facial challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law as applied to a specific case, while as-applied challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law on its face.

Facial challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law on its face, while as-applied challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law as applied to a specific case and the constitutionality of a law on its face.

Facial challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law as applied to a specific case and the constitutionality of a law on its face, while as-applied challenges challenge the constitutionality of a law as applied to a specific case.

The requirement that a person must have a personal stake in the outcome of a case in order to bring a lawsuit.

The requirement that a person must be a citizen of the United States in order to bring a lawsuit.

The requirement that a person must be a resident of the state in which the lawsuit is filed in order to bring a lawsuit.

The requirement that a person must be a member of a particular group in order to bring a lawsuit.

The requirement that a case must be ready for decision before a court can hear it.

The requirement that a case must be important enough for a court to hear it.

The requirement that a case must be brought within a certain amount of time after the alleged harm occurred.

The requirement that a case must be brought in the proper court.

The doctrine that a case becomes moot when the issue in the case is resolved before a court can decide it.

The doctrine that a case becomes moot when the parties to the case settle their dispute before a court can decide it.

The doctrine that a case becomes moot when the law that is being challenged is repealed before a court can decide it.

The doctrine that a case becomes moot when the court lacks jurisdiction to hear it.

The doctrine that courts should not decide cases that involve political questions.

The doctrine that courts should decide cases that involve political questions.

The doctrine that courts should decide cases that involve legal questions.

The doctrine that courts should decide cases that involve factual questions.

The doctrine that a person must exhaust all administrative remedies before they can file a lawsuit.

The doctrine that a person must exhaust all judicial remedies before they can file a lawsuit.

The doctrine that a person must exhaust all legislative remedies before they can file a lawsuit.

The doctrine that a person must exhaust all executive remedies before they can file a lawsuit.

The doctrine that a person's right to sue may be lost if they delay in filing a lawsuit.

The doctrine that a person's right to sue may be lost if they fail to file a lawsuit within a certain amount of time.

The doctrine that a person's right to sue may be lost if they fail to exhaust all administrative remedies.

The doctrine that a person's right to sue may be lost if they fail to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.

The doctrine that a person may be prevented from asserting a claim if they have previously made a statement or taken an action that is inconsistent with the claim.

The doctrine that a person may be prevented from asserting a claim if they have previously been convicted of a crime.

The doctrine that a person may be prevented from asserting a claim if they have previously been found liable in a civil lawsuit.

The doctrine that a person may be prevented from asserting a claim if they have previously settled a dispute.

The doctrine that a final judgment on the merits of a case bars any further litigation between the same parties on the same cause of action.

The doctrine that a final judgment on the merits of a case bars any further litigation between the same parties on a different cause of action.

The doctrine that a final judgment on the merits of a case bars any further litigation between different parties on the same cause of action.

The doctrine that a final judgment on the merits of a case bars any further litigation between different parties on a different cause of action.

The doctrine that a final judgment on an issue in a case bars any further litigation between the same parties on that issue in a different case.

The doctrine that a final judgment on an issue in a case bars any further litigation between different parties on that issue in a different case.

The doctrine that a final judgment on an issue in a case bars any further litigation between the same parties on that issue in the same case.

The doctrine that a final judgment on an issue in a case bars any further litigation between different parties on that issue in the same case.

The doctrine that courts should follow precedent.

The doctrine that courts should not follow precedent.

The doctrine that courts should create new laws.

The doctrine that courts should interpret laws.