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Nucleotide Metabolism: The Breakdown and Synthesis of Nucleotides

Description: This quiz covers the breakdown and synthesis of nucleotides, which are essential components of DNA and RNA. Test your understanding of the processes involved in nucleotide metabolism.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: nucleotide metabolism breakdown synthesis dna rna
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Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of purine nucleotides?

  1. Nucleoside phosphorylase

  2. Nucleoside hydrolase

  3. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase

  4. Adenine deaminase


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is the enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of purine nucleotides into nucleosides and phosphate.

What is the first step in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleotides?

  1. Hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond

  2. Deamination of the base

  3. Phosphorylation of the nucleotide

  4. Cleavage of the phosphodiester bond


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The first step in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleotides is the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond between the base and the sugar.

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of purine nucleotides de novo?

  1. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase

  2. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

  3. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase

  4. Guanine monophosphate synthase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides.

What is the starting material for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides de novo?

  1. Orotic acid

  2. Uracil

  3. Cytosine

  4. Thymine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Orotic acid is the starting material for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of orotic acid to uridine monophosphate (UMP)?

  1. Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase

  2. Uridine kinase

  3. Uridine phosphorylase

  4. Uridine diphosphate kinase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of orotic acid to UMP.

What is the final step in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides?

  1. Reduction of the ribose sugar

  2. Phosphorylation of the nucleotide

  3. Deamination of the base

  4. Addition of a methyl group to the base


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The final step in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides is the reduction of the ribose sugar to deoxyribose.

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides?

  1. Ribonucleotide reductase

  2. Deoxyribonuclease

  3. Ribonuclease

  4. DNA polymerase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ribonucleotide reductase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides.

What is the role of salvage pathways in nucleotide metabolism?

  1. To synthesize nucleotides de novo

  2. To recycle nucleotides that have been degraded

  3. To convert purine nucleotides to pyrimidine nucleotides

  4. To convert deoxyribonucleotides to ribonucleotides


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Salvage pathways are responsible for recycling nucleotides that have been degraded.

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine?

  1. Adenosine deaminase

  2. Adenosine kinase

  3. Adenosine phosphorylase

  4. Adenosine diphosphate kinase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Adenosine deaminase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine.

What is the role of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in nucleotide metabolism?

  1. As a methyl donor in DNA methylation

  2. As a precursor for the synthesis of methionine

  3. As a cofactor in the synthesis of purine nucleotides

  4. As a precursor for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

SAM is a methyl donor in DNA methylation.

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) to deoxythymidine (dT)?

  1. Thymidine kinase

  2. Thymidine phosphorylase

  3. Thymidine diphosphate kinase

  4. Thymidylate synthase


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Thymidine phosphorylase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dTMP to dT.

What is the role of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in nucleotide metabolism?

  1. To reduce dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

  2. To convert folate to dihydrofolate

  3. To synthesize purine nucleotides

  4. To synthesize pyrimidine nucleotides


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DHFR is responsible for reducing dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of guanine to xanthine?

  1. Guanine deaminase

  2. Guanine kinase

  3. Guanine phosphorylase

  4. Guanine diphosphate kinase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Guanine deaminase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of guanine to xanthine.

What is the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in nucleotide metabolism?

  1. As an electron acceptor in redox reactions

  2. As a precursor for the synthesis of NADH

  3. As a cofactor in the synthesis of purine nucleotides

  4. As a cofactor in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

NAD+ is an electron acceptor in redox reactions.

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of cytidine to uridine?

  1. Cytidine deaminase

  2. Cytidine kinase

  3. Cytidine phosphorylase

  4. Cytidine diphosphate kinase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cytidine deaminase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cytidine to uridine.

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