The primary objective of waste management in the context of public health is to protect human health from waste-related hazards, while also minimizing the environmental impact of waste and reducing the generation of waste.

Humans can be exposed to waste-related hazards through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.

Hazardous waste poses the greatest risk to human health due to its potential to cause adverse health effects, including cancer, reproductive disorders, and developmental disorders.

Landfills are designed with multiple layers of controls to minimize the release of waste-related hazards, including leachate collection and treatment, landfill gas collection and treatment, and groundwater monitoring.

Recycling is a common method for reducing the volume of waste by converting waste materials into new materials and objects.

The primary goal of waste minimization is to reduce the generation of waste at the source, thereby reducing the amount of waste that needs to be managed and disposed of.

Incineration is a common method for treating hazardous waste by burning it at high temperatures to destroy organic compounds and reduce the volume of waste.

Waste transfer stations are typically not designed with the same level of controls as landfills, as waste is typically stored temporarily before being transported to a landfill or other disposal facility.

Chemical treatment is a common method for reducing the toxicity of hazardous waste by chemically altering the waste to make it less harmful.

Odor control is a primary method for controlling waste-related hazards at composting facilities, as the decomposition of organic waste can produce unpleasant odors.

Recycling is a common method for reducing the volume of electronic waste by recovering valuable materials from electronic devices and components.

Air pollution control is a primary method for controlling waste-related hazards at waste-to-energy facilities, as the combustion of waste can produce air pollutants.

Recycling is a common method for reducing the volume of municipal solid waste by converting waste materials into new materials and objects.

Dust control is a primary method for controlling waste-related hazards at recycling facilities, as the handling and processing of waste materials can generate dust.

Recycling is a common method for reducing the volume of industrial waste by converting waste materials into new materials and objects.