Mineral exploration involves searching for and evaluating potential mineral deposits to determine their economic viability.

Satellite imagery is not typically used in mineral exploration as it provides limited information about subsurface geology.

Mining refers to the process of extracting minerals from the earth's crust, typically through various techniques such as open-pit mining, underground mining, or quarrying.

Climate change is not directly caused by mining activities, although the use of fossil fuels for mining equipment and transportation can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.

Beneficiation refers to the process of separating valuable minerals from waste materials, typically through physical or chemical methods such as crushing, grinding, flotation, or leaching.

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used in oil and gas extraction, not in mining.

Tailings refer to the waste materials generated during mining operations, which typically consist of finely ground rock particles and water.

Igneous deposits are not a common type of mineral deposit, as minerals are typically formed through processes related to sedimentary or metamorphic processes.

Smelting refers to the process of extracting metals from their ores by heating them to high temperatures in the presence of a reducing agent, such as carbon or coke.

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are not considered mineral resources as they are not extracted from the earth's crust.

Sustainable mining refers to the practices and technologies aimed at reducing the environmental impact of mining operations and ensuring the long-term sustainability of the industry.

While renewable energy sources are important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, they are not specifically used to minimize the environmental impact of mining operations.

Reclamation refers to the process of returning mined land to its natural state or a productive use, typically involving activities such as grading, revegetation, and soil amendment.

Distillation is not a common mineral processing technique, as it is typically used for separating liquids rather than minerals.

Refining refers to the process of removing impurities from metals, typically through techniques such as electrolysis, distillation, or chemical reactions.