Copper releasing IUDs release copper ions which are lethal to the sperms, decrease their motility and prevent fertilization, e.g. CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375, etc.

The entire uterus is fused into a single organ, e.g. in higher primates including humans and chimpanzees.

The Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) is a multidisciplinary research laboratory in Lucknow, India, employing scientific personnel from various areas of biomedical sciences. ‘Saheli’–a new oral contraceptive for the females–was developed by scientists at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India.

Saheli–the new oral contraceptive for the females contains a non-hormonal and non-steroidal preparation. It is a ‘once a week’ pill with very few side effects and high contraceptive value. Ormeloxifene is the active ingredient in Saheli.

Many individuals develop an influenza-like illness 2–4 weeks post exposure. Symptoms occur in 40–90% of cases and most commonly include fever, large tender lymph nodes, throat inflammation, a rash, headache, and/or sores of the mouth and genitals.

There is no risk of acquiring HIV if exposed to faeces, nasal secretions, saliva, sputum, sweat, tears, urine or vomit, unless these are contaminated with blood.

A patient is said to have HIV superinfection when co-infected by more than one strain of HIV.

Periodic abstinence: The couple avoids or abstains from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle. The released ovum during this period, when not fertilised, degenerates. 

Biopsy is used to diagnose genital wart.

Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis and hepatitis-B are STDs.

Treponema pallidum causes syphilis.

In addition to condoms, diaphragms, sponges, cervical caps even vaults are barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus.

IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms. The hormone releasing IUDs in addition make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.

MTP is considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e. upto 12 weeks of pregnancy.

26^th September is World Contraception Day, devoted to raising awareness and improving education about sexual and reproductive health.