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Infinitives, Gerunds and Participles

Description: Infinitives, Gerunds & Participles
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Infinitives Gerunds & Participles Gerunds and Infinitives
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Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase into gerund.

Sentence - Your expressions cannot be based on your impressions.

  1. Expressing yourself cannot be basing on your impressions.

  2. Express yourself cannot be based on your impressions.

  3. Expressing yourself cannot be based on your impressions.

  4. Expressing yourself can be based on your impressions.

  5. Express itself cannot be basing on your impressions.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option (3) is grammatically the most correct option

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (gerund) into simple infinitive.

Sentence - Watching living things grow over a period of time is a fascinating engagement.

  1. To watch live things grow over a period of time is a fascinating engagement.

  2. To watch living things grow over a period of time is a fascinating engagement.

  3. To watch living things grow over a period of time is a fascinate engagement.

  4. To watching living things grow over a period of time is a fascinating engagement.

  5. To watch living thing grow over a period of time is a fascinating engagement.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option (2) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (1) is incorrect because 'living' is changed into 'live', which has changed the entire meaning of the sentence. Option (3) is incorrect because of adverbial error (fascinate engagement). Option (4) is incorrect because of wrong conversion from a gerund to a simple infinitive. Option (5) is incorrect as noun (living things) has been changed into singular without any reason.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (bare infinitive) into gerund.

Sentence - Close the eyes and look attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision. You will observe yourself.

  1. Closing the eyes and looking attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision, you will observe yourself.

  2. Closing the eyes and looking attentive at what goes on in the field of our vision, you will observe yourself.

  3. Closing the eyes and look attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision, you will observe yourself.

  4. Closing the eyes and looking attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision, you will observing yourself.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Option (1) is grammatically the most correct. Option (2) is incorrect because of adverbial error (looking attentive). Option (3) is incorrect as sentence is not parallel in construction (closing…look). Option (4) is incorrect because of the wrong sentence formation (you will observing yourself). Option (5) is incorrect as noun (eyes) has been changed to singular form.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (past participle) into bare infinitive form.

Sentence - Self-trained professionals are the ultimate resource for artistic and poetic expression.

  1. Professionals that train them are the ultimate resource for artistic and poetic expression.

  2. Professionals that train themselves are the ultimate resource for artist and poet expression.

  3. Professionals that training themselves are the ultimate resource for artistic and poetic expression.

  4. Professionals that train themself are the ultimate resource for artistic and poetic expression.

  5. Professionals that train themselves are the ultimate resource for artistic and poetic expression.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Option (5) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (1) is incorrect because it is not clear that to whom professionals are training. (Error of misplaced modifier). Option (2) is incorrect because of wrong usage of adjectives (artist and poet) for the noun 'expression'. Option (3) is incorrect because of wrong usage of verb (training). Option (4) is incorrect as the reflexive pronoun (themself) is singular but is referring to a plural antecedent (Professionals).

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (present participle) into bare infinitive.

Sentence - Prolonged contact breeds intimate association and often is a precursor to a lasting relationship.

  1. Prolonged contact breed intimate association and often is a precursor to a relationship that lasts.

  2. Prolonged contact breeds intimate association and often is a precursor to a relationship that lasts.

  3. Prolong contact breeds intimate association and often is a precursor to a relationship that lasts.

  4. Prolonged contact breeds intimate association and often is a precursor to a relationship that to lasts.

  5. Prolonged contact breeds intimacy association and often is a precursor to a relationship that lasts.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option (2) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (1) is incorrect as there is a violation of the subject verb agreement. Option (3) is incorrect because of wrong usage of participle 'Prolong'. Option (4) is incorrect because of wrong conversion to an infinitive (to lasts). Option (5) is incorrect because adjective 'intimate' is wrongly used as 'intimacy'.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted words (infinitive forms) into gerunds.

Sentence - I sympathize with his feelings, I estimate his purposes, I interpret his intentions; all this has a meaning only in context of my own expectations.

  1. Sympathizing with his feeling, estimating his purposes, interpreting his intentions, has a meaning only in context of my own expectations.

  2. Sympathizing with his feelings, estimating his purposes, interpreting his intentions, has a meaning only in context of my own expectations.

  3. Sympathizing with his feelings, estimating his purpose, interpreting his intentions, has a meaning only in context of my own expectations.

  4. Sympathizing with his feelings, estimating his purposes, interpreting his intention, has a meaning only in context of my own expectations.

  5. Sympathizing with his feelings, estimate his purposes, interpreting his intentions, has a meaning only in context of my own expectations.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option (2) is grammatically the most correct sentence. Options (1), (3) and (4) are incorrect because the nouns have been changed from plural to singular. Option (5) is incorrect because infinitive form (estimate) has not been converted into gerund form.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (present participle) into bare infinitive.

Sentence - Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo, not as an articulate, clear, well-defined sound, but as the reverberating successive rumblings, like thunder in a mountain.

  1. Laugh appears to stand in need of an echo, not as an articulate, clear, well-defined sound, but as the successive rumblings that reverberate like thunder in a mountain.

  2. Laughter appear to stand in need of an echo, not as an articulate, clear, well-defined sound, but as the successive rumblings that reverberate like thunder in a mountain.

  3. Laughter appears to stand in need of a echo, not as an articulate, clear, well-defined sound, but as the successive rumblings that reverberate like thunder in a mountain.

  4. Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo, not as an articulate, clear, well-defined sound, but as the successive rumblings that reverberate like thunder in a mountain.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option (4) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (1) is incorrect because 'Laugh' is a verb and has been used incorrectly here. Option (2) is incorrect as it violates the subject verb agreement (Laughter appear). Option (3) is incorrect because of wrong usage of article before noun (echo). Option (5) is incorrect because of wrong adverbial usage (articulately, clearly…) as these words tend to modify a noun.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (past participle) into bare infinitive.

Sentence - Abstracted entirely from aesthetic appreciation or from moral valuation, man would just be an object of knowledge.

  1. If we abstract men entirely from aesthetic appreciation or from moral valuation, he would just be an object of knowledge.

  2. If we abstract man entirely from aesthetically appreciation or from moral valuation, he would just be an object of knowledge.

  3. If we abstract man entirely from aesthetic appreciation or from moral valuation, he would just be an object of knowledge.

  4. If we abstract man entirely from aesthetic appreciation or from moral valuation, he would just be an objection of knowledge.

  5. If we abstract man entire from aesthetic appreciation or from moral valuation, he would just be an object of knowledge.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option (3) is grammatically the most correct. Option (1) is incorrect as 'man' has been changed into plural form, which is not required. Option (2) is incorrect because 'aesthetically' is not modifying any word. Option (4) is incorrect because of use of 'objection of knowledge', which deviates the meaning of the sentence. Option (5) is incorrect because of wrong usage of word 'entire'.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted words (simple infinitives) into gerunds.

Sentence - To see nothing, to feel nothing, to demand nothing, relieves us from the fear of failure of action.

  1. Seeing nothing, feeling nothing, demanding nothing, relief us from the fear of failure of action, from weariness.

  2. Seeing feeling and demanding nothing, relieves us from the fear of failure of action, from weariness.

  3. Seeing nothing, feeling nothing, demanding nothing, relieving us from the fear of failure of action, from weariness.

  4. Seeing nothing, feeling nothing, demanding nothing, relieves us from the fear of failure of action, from weariness.

  5. Seeing nothing, feeling nothing, demanding nothing, relieves us from the fear of failing of action, from weariness.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option (4) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (1) is incorrect because of violation of Subject Verb Agreement. Option (2) is incorrect because reducing the word 'nothing' has also reduced the emphasis in the sentence. Option (3) is incorrect because 'relieves' has been changed into 'relieving', which has made the sentence grammatically incorrect. Option (5) is incorrect because 'failure' has been converted into 'failing', which is grammatically incorrect.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (simple infinitive) into gerund.

Sentence - The thing to establish first is what is actually a secret, what is to be suppressed, if one is to avoid damage to self or another.

  1. Establishing what actually a secret is, what is to be suppressed first, is necessary to avoid damage to self or another.

  2. Establishing what actually is a secret, what is to be suppressed first, is necessary to avoid damage to self or another.

  3. Establishing what actually is a secret, what is to be suppressed first, is necessary to avoiding damage to self or another.

  4. Establishing what actually are a secret, what is to be suppressed first, is necessary to avoid damage to self or another.

  5. Establishing what actually is a secret, what is to be suppressing first, is necessary to avoid damage to self or another.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Option (1) is grammatically the most correct. Option (2) is less appropriate because of its construction. Helping verb should be placed after 'secret'. Option (3) is incorrect because of wrong usage of 'avoiding'. Option (4) is incorrect because of violation of subject verb agreement. Option (5) is incorrect because of wrong usage of 'suppressing' in the sentence.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (simple infinitive) into gerund.

Sentence - I often choose the most remote themes that cost me long hours of intense effort, and then make them acceptable.

  1. Often choosing the most remote themes that cost me long hours of intense efforts, I make them acceptable.

  2. Often choosing the most remote themes that cost me long hours of intense effort, I made them acceptable.

  3. Often choosing the most remote theme that cost me long hours of intense effort, I make them acceptable.

  4. Often choosing the most remote themes that cost me long hours of intense effort, I make them acceptable.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option (4) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (1) and (3) are incorrect as the number of the noun has been changed (effort à efforts) and (themes à theme). Option (2) is incorrect because of incorrect tense (made).Option (5) is incorrect because of wrong usage of article 'a' in place of 'the' with superlative degree of adjective 'most'.

Choose the best sentence after removing the present participle form from the given sentence.

Sentence - Carrying the impressions of truth from the environment to the brain, the nervous system makes us feel the pain and pleasure.

  1. When the nervous system carries the impressions of truth from the environment to the brain, it makes us feel the pain and pleasure.

  2. When the nervous system carry the impressions of truth from the environment to the brain, it makes us feel the pain and pleasure.

  3. When the nervous system carries the impressions of truth to the brain from the environment, it makes us feel the pain and pleasure.

  4. When the nervous system carries the impressions of truth from the environment to the brain, it make us feel the pain and pleasure.

  5. While the nervous system carries the impressions of truth from the environment to the brain, it makes us feel the pain and pleasure.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Option (1) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (2) and option (4) are incorrect because of violation of the Subject Verb Agreement. Option (3) is less appropriate because the destination (to brain) is specified before the source (from the environment). Option (5) is incorrect because there is no event/activity happening along with the main activity. It is because of use of 'while'.

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (simple infinitive) into gerund.

Sentence - To admit the independence of intuition as a concept does not suffice to give its true and precise idea.

  1. Admitting the independence of intuition as a concept do not suffice to give its true and precise idea.

  2. Admitting the independence of intuition as a concept does not suffice to give it's true and precise idea.

  3. Admitting the independence of intuition as a concept does not suffice to give its true and precise idea.

  4. Admitting the independence of intuition as a concept does not suffices to give its true and precise idea.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option (3) is grammatically the most correct option. Option (1) and (4) are incorrect as they violate the subject verb agreement. Option (2) is incorrect because of usage of “it's” which is not a pronoun but a contraction of it is. Option (5) is incorrect as 'to' is used with 'admitting'. (We always admit, not admit to)

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (simple infinitive) into gerund.

Sentence - It is a farce to call any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of its own reason.

  1. Calling any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of his own reason is a farce.

  2. It is a farce calling any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of its own reason.

  3. Calling any being virtuously whose virtues do not result from the exercise of its own reason is a farce.

  4. Calling any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of its own reason is a farce.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option (4) is grammatically the most correct sentence out of the given options. Option (1) is less appropriate because pronoun 'his' is used. But, we do not know whether the antecedent is a male human being or not. Option (2) is less appropriate because 'calling' is not being used as a gerund in the sentence, rather a verb. Option (3) is incorrect because of wrong adverbial usage (virtuously is not modifying any other word). Option (5) is incorrect because of error of subject verb agreement (virtues does not…)

Choose the best sentence after changing the highlighted word/phrase (simple infinitive) into gerund.

Sentence - Whenever you have written any sentence that looks particularly excellent, be sure to blot it out.

  1. Whenever you has written any sentence that is looking particularly excellent, be sure to blot it out.a

  2. Whenever you have written any sentence that is looking particularly excellent, be sure to blot it out.

  3. Whenever you have written any sentence that is looking particular excellent, be sure to blot it out.

  4. Whenever you had written any sentence that is looking particularly excellent, be sure to blot it out.

  5. Whenever you have written any sentence that are looking particularly excellent, be sure to blot it out.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option (2) is grammatically the most correct sentence. Option (1) is incorrect because 'has' is used with 'you'. Option (3) is incorrect because of the adverb is not in correct form (particular) to modify the adjective (excellent). Option (4) is incorrect because 'had' is used in the sentence after which 'is' is used, which is contradicting. Option (5) is incorrect as the Subject Verb agreement is violated (sentence that are).

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