The demand curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded, showing how changes in price affect consumer demand.

The reservation price is the maximum price that a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service, representing their willingness to pay.

Game theory is a mathematical framework used to analyze strategic interactions between individuals or firms, where each player's actions affect the outcomes of others.

The equilibrium point is the point where the demand curve and supply curve intersect, representing the price and quantity at which the market is in balance.

Elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price, indicating how sensitive consumer demand is to price changes.

Marginal utility is the additional benefit or satisfaction gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service.

Econometrics is a statistical method used to estimate the relationship between economic variables, allowing researchers to test economic theories and make predictions.

The profit-maximizing point is the point where the marginal cost of production equals the marginal revenue, representing the output level that maximizes a firm's profit.

The production function represents the relationship between the quantity of a good produced and the inputs used to produce it, showing how inputs are transformed into outputs.

Pareto efficiency is the point where the indifference curves of two consumers are tangent, representing a situation where it is impossible to make one consumer better off without making the other worse off.

Linear programming is a mathematical technique used to optimize a linear function subject to linear constraints, allowing for the determination of optimal solutions to resource allocation problems.

Profit is the difference between the total revenue and the total cost of production, representing the net income earned by a firm.

The supply curve represents the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied, showing how changes in price affect the willingness of producers to supply the good.

The optimal point is the point where the marginal benefit of an action equals the marginal cost, representing the point at which the action is most efficient.

Calculus is a mathematical technique used to find the maximum or minimum value of a function, allowing for the determination of optimal solutions to various economic problems.