The British established the Archaeological Survey of India in 1861, which was the first archaeological department in India.

Colonial archaeological policies were primarily aimed at looting and plundering artifacts from colonized countries to enrich the museums and collections of the colonizing countries.

The British were responsible for the looting of the Benin Bronzes during the Benin Expedition of 1897.

Colonial archaeological policies often led to the loss of indigenous cultural artifacts, as these artifacts were looted and taken to the colonizing countries.

The UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property was adopted in 1970 to address the issue of illicit trafficking of cultural artifacts.

Repatriation is the term used to describe the return of cultural artifacts to their countries of origin.

Mexico has been at the forefront of efforts to repatriate cultural artifacts looted during the colonial era, with notable successes in recovering artifacts from countries such as France and the United States.

Countries seeking to repatriate cultural artifacts often face a combination of challenges, including lack of political will, legal obstacles, and financial constraints.

Repatriating cultural artifacts to their countries of origin has multiple benefits, including restoring cultural identity and heritage, promoting cultural understanding and reconciliation, and contributing to economic development through tourism.

UNESCO has played a significant role in facilitating the repatriation of cultural artifacts through its various conventions and programs.

Relocation is the term used to describe the process of transferring cultural artifacts from one country to another.

Egypt has been successful in repatriating cultural artifacts from the British Museum, including the Rosetta Stone and the bust of Nefertiti.

Countries seeking to repatriate cultural artifacts often use a combination of arguments, including the cultural, historical, and economic significance of the artifacts.

The World Heritage Convention recognizes the importance of cultural heritage and calls for its protection.

Illicit trafficking is the term used to describe the illegal trade in cultural artifacts.