A compiler translates high-level programming language code into machine code, which can be directly executed by the computer's processor.

A tree is a data structure that organizes data in a hierarchical manner, with nodes connected by edges. It is commonly used to represent hierarchical relationships, such as file systems or organizational structures.

An operating system's primary function is to manage hardware resources, such as memory, storage, and input/output devices, and to provide a platform for running application programs.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) emphasizes the use of objects and classes to represent real-world entities, allowing for modularity, encapsulation, and code reusability.

Decomposition is the process of breaking down a problem into smaller, more manageable subproblems, which can then be solved independently.

Binary Search is an efficient algorithm for searching a sorted array, as it repeatedly divides the search space in half until the target element is found.

A loop in programming allows a block of code to be executed repeatedly until a certain condition is met.

A queue is a data structure that follows the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle, where the first element added is the first element to be removed.

Compilation is the process of converting a high-level programming language statement into machine code, which can be directly executed by the computer's processor.

Functional Programming emphasizes the use of mathematical functions and expressions to solve problems, focusing on the evaluation of expressions rather than the execution of statements.

A variable in programming is used to store data temporarily, allowing it to be accessed and modified throughout the program.

Merge Sort is a divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm that repeatedly divides the array into smaller subarrays, sorts them, and then merges them back together to obtain the sorted array.

Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in a program, typically involving testing the program, identifying the source of errors, and making necessary corrections.

A set is a data structure that stores a collection of unique elements, allowing for efficient membership testing and removal of elements.

Interpretation is the process of translating a high-level programming language statement into an intermediate representation, which is then executed directly by the interpreter.