The first step in the legislative process is introducing legislation to the legislative body. This is done by a member of the legislative body, who submits a bill or resolution for consideration.

The purpose of the first reading of a bill is to introduce the bill to the legislative body. This is done by reading the title of the bill and a brief summary of its contents.

Only members of the legislative body can introduce legislation to the legislative body. This is because the legislative body is the only branch of government that has the power to make laws.

A bill is a proposed law, while a resolution is a statement of opinion. Bills are used to create new laws or to change existing laws, while resolutions are used to express the opinion of the legislative body on a particular issue.

After a bill is introduced in the legislative body, it is typically referred to a committee for debate and consideration. The committee will hold hearings and listen to testimony from experts and interested parties before making a recommendation on the bill.

The purpose of a committee hearing is to listen to testimony from experts and interested parties. This helps the committee to understand the different perspectives on the bill and to make an informed decision on whether to recommend the bill for passage.

All of the above can testify at a committee hearing. Members of the legislative body can testify to express their views on the bill, experts on the subject matter of the bill can testify to provide information and analysis, and interested parties can testify to share their perspectives on the bill.

After a committee makes a recommendation on a bill, the bill is typically debated in the full legislative body. This is an opportunity for all members of the legislative body to express their views on the bill and to propose amendments.

The purpose of a floor debate is to allow members of the legislative body to express their views on the bill, to propose amendments to the bill, and to vote on the bill.

After a bill is passed by the legislative body, it is sent to the executive branch for signature. The executive branch can either sign the bill into law or veto the bill. If the executive branch signs the bill into law, it becomes law.

The purpose of a veto is to allow the executive branch to express its disapproval of the bill, to prevent the bill from becoming law, and to send the bill back to the legislative body for reconsideration.

If the executive branch vetoes a bill, the bill is sent back to the legislative body for reconsideration. The legislative body can override the veto by a two-thirds vote in both chambers. If the legislative body does not override the veto, the bill does not become law.

A simple majority is a majority of the votes cast, while a two-thirds majority is a majority of the total number of members of the legislative body present and voting. This means that a two-thirds majority is more difficult to achieve than a simple majority.

The purpose of a cloture vote is to end debate on a bill, to prevent a filibuster, and to allow the legislative body to move on to other business.

A filibuster is a tactic used by a minority of members of the legislative body to delay or prevent a vote on a bill. This is done by speaking for as long as possible on the bill, thereby preventing the legislative body from moving on to a vote.