Fracking is a method used to extract natural gas and oil from underground, not minerals.

Beneficiation is the process of removing impurities and waste from ore to obtain valuable minerals.

Open-pit mining is commonly used to extract coal, as it is found near the surface and can be easily accessed.

Flotation, gravity separation, and magnetic separation are all methods used to separate minerals based on their physical properties.

Chile is the largest producer of copper in the world, accounting for approximately 27% of global production.

Mining is the process of extracting minerals from the Earth's crust, typically through the use of specialized equipment and techniques.

Placer mining is a method used to extract gold from alluvial deposits, such as riverbeds or beaches.

Smelting, refining, and electrolysis are all methods used to remove impurities from metals.

Australia is the largest producer of iron ore in the world, accounting for approximately 35% of global production.

Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals from underground, typically through the use of shafts, tunnels, and other underground workings.

Underground mining is commonly used to extract gold, as it is often found in veins or deposits that are located deep underground.

Surface mining is the process of extracting minerals from the Earth's surface, typically through the use of open pits, quarries, and other surface workings.

Quarrying is a method used to extract minerals, such as limestone, from the Earth's surface through the use of blasting, cutting, and other techniques.

Overburden removal, waste rock removal, and tailings disposal are all methods used to remove waste rock from a mine.