Personal ideology is not considered a factor that influences voter behavior according to social group theory. Social group theory emphasizes the role of social networks, group norms, and political socialization in shaping voting patterns.

Social network theory posits that social networks influence voter behavior by providing information about candidates and issues, shaping voters' attitudes and beliefs, and mobilizing voters to participate in elections.

Political socialization is the process by which individuals learn about politics and develop their political beliefs and values. It occurs through various agents, such as family, school, peers, and the media.

All of the options are examples of group norms that can influence voter behavior. Group norms can be based on shared values, beliefs, or interests, and they can exert a powerful influence on individuals' voting decisions.

Group polarization is the tendency for individuals to become more extreme in their views when they are in a group setting. This can occur when individuals are motivated to conform to the group's norms or when they are exposed to persuasive arguments from other group members.

Low levels of political knowledge is not a factor that can contribute to group polarization. In fact, research suggests that individuals with higher levels of political knowledge are more likely to be resistant to group polarization.

Social identity theory posits that group membership influences voter behavior by providing individuals with a sense of belonging and identity, shaping individuals' attitudes and beliefs, and motivating individuals to vote for candidates who represent their group's interests.

All of the options are examples of social groups that can influence voter behavior. Social groups can provide individuals with information about candidates and issues, shape their attitudes and beliefs, and mobilize them to participate in elections.

Social conformity is the tendency for individuals to conform to the opinions of the majority. This can occur when individuals are motivated to avoid social disapproval or when they believe that the majority is more likely to be correct.

High levels of self-confidence is not a factor that can contribute to social conformity. In fact, research suggests that individuals with higher levels of self-confidence are more likely to be resistant to social conformity.

According to the theory of reasoned action, the two main factors that influence an individual's voting behavior are attitudes and subjective norms. Attitudes refer to an individual's beliefs and feelings about a candidate or issue, while subjective norms refer to an individual's perception of what others expect them to do.

All of the options are examples of subjective norms that can influence voter behavior. Subjective norms can be based on an individual's perception of what others expect them to do, or on their desire to conform to the expectations of others.

Homophily is the tendency for individuals to vote for candidates who are similar to themselves in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, or religion. This can occur because individuals tend to trust and identify with candidates who share their social characteristics.

Political socialization is not a factor that can contribute to homophily. Homophily is primarily driven by shared values and beliefs, social networks, and group norms.

Economic voting is the tendency for individuals to vote for candidates who represent their economic interests. This can occur when individuals believe that a particular candidate's policies will benefit them economically.