Cognitive development encompasses all aspects of a child's intellectual growth and maturation, including their ability to think, understand, learn, and solve problems.

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development focuses on the role of schemas, or mental structures, in organizing and interpreting information.

The Formal Operational Stage, according to Piaget, is the final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think logically and abstractly.

Scaffolding, Zone of Proximal Development, and Collaborative Learning are all terms related to the process of learning through social interaction and collaboration.

Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the importance of culture and social context in cognitive development.

Zone of Proximal Development refers to the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can do with assistance.

The Preoperational Stage, according to Piaget, is characterized by the ability to use symbols and language to represent objects and ideas.

Enculturation refers to the process by which children gradually internalize and adopt the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their culture.

Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the role of language and social interaction in shaping a child's cognitive abilities.

Accommodation refers to the process by which children adapt their existing schemas to accommodate new information and experiences.

B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior.

Exploration, Discovery Learning, and Active Learning are all terms related to the process of children actively seeking out and exploring their environment to learn.

The Concrete Operational Stage, according to Piaget, is characterized by the ability to think about things that are not present in the immediate environment.

Identity Formation, Self-Concept Development, and Ego Development are all terms related to the process of children developing a sense of self and their place in the world.

Jerome Bruner's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of play in learning and development.