Diamond is the hardest known natural material and can scratch any other mineral.

Feldspar is a group of minerals that make up about 60% of the Earth's crust.

Sapphire is a variety of the mineral corundum and is known for its blue color, although it can also be found in other colors.

Granite is an igneous rock composed primarily of feldspar, quartz, and mica.

Pyrite is an iron sulfide mineral that often forms in cubic crystals and is commonly known as "fool's gold" due to its resemblance to gold.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral.

Hematite is an iron oxide mineral that is the primary source of iron for steel production.

Emerald is a variety of the mineral beryl and is known for its deep green color.

Soda ash, also known as sodium carbonate, is a key ingredient in the production of glass.

Limestone is the primary component of cement, providing the calcium carbonate needed for its production.

Fluorite is a mineral that exhibits fluorescence, causing it to glow in the dark when exposed to ultraviolet light.

Bauxite is the primary ore of aluminum and is the main source of this metal.

Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is widely used in electrical wiring and components.

Potassium chloride is a common mineral used in the production of fertilizer, providing potassium, an essential nutrient for plant growth.

Diamond has a high refractive index, causing light to bend significantly when passing through it, resulting in its characteristic sparkle.