In a microwave test bench, why is the microwave signal amplitude modulated at 1 kHz?

Consider a 300 $\Omega$, quarter - wave long (at 1 GHz) transmission line as shown in figure. It is connected to a 10 V, 50 $\Omega$ source at one end and is left open circuited at the other end. The magnitude of the voltage at the open circuit end of the line is

If the electric field intensity is given by E = (xu_x + yu_y + zu_z) volt/m, the potential difference between X(20,0) and Y(1,2,3) is

A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 Ω is terminated by a 50 Ωload. When excited by a sinusoidal voltage source at 10 GHz, the phase difference between two points spaced 2 mm apart on the line is found to be $\dfrac{2\pi}{\lambda}$ radians. The phase velocity of the wave along the line is

A coaxial cable with an inner diameter of 1 mm and outer diameter of 2.4 mm if filled with a dielectric of relative permittivity 10.89. Given $\mu_0 = 4\pi\times10^{-7}$H/m, $\epsilon_0$= $\dfrac{10^-9}{36 \pi}$F/m, the characteristic impedance of the cable is

A transmission line is feeding 1 Watt of power to a horn antenna having a gain of 10 dB. The antenna is matched to the transmission line. The total power radiated by the horn antenna into the free-space is

For static electric and magnetic fields in an inhomogeneous source-free medium, which of the following represents the correct form of Maxwell`s equations?

A uniform plane wave in the free space is normally incident on an infinitely thick dielectric slab (dielectric constant $\epsilon$= 9). The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is

The electric and magnetic fields for a TEM wave of frequency 14 GHz in a homogeneous medium of relative permittivity $\epsilon_r$ and relative permeability $\mu_r$ = 1 are given by $\vec E = E_p e^{j(\omega t - 280\pi \gamma)} \widehat U_z V/m \qquad \vec H = 3 e^{j(\omega t - 280\pi \gamma)} \widehat U_x A/m $

Assuming the speed of light in free space to be 3 x 10⁸ m/s, the intrinsic impedance of free space to be 120$\pi$, the relative permittivity$\epsilon_r$of the medium and the electric field amplitude E_p are

A transmission line terminates in two branches, each of length $\dfrac{\lambda}{4}$, as shown. The branches are terminated by 50 $\Omega$ loads. The lines are lossless and have the characteristic impedances shown. Determine the impedance Z_i as seen by the source.

The radiation pattern of an antenna in spherical co - ordinates is given by F ($\theta$) = cos^4$\theta$; 0$\le$$\theta$$\le$$\pi$/2 The directivity of the antenna is

The parallel branches of a 2-wire transmission line are terminated in 100 $\Omega$ and 200 $\Omega$ resistors as shown in the figure. The characteristic impedance of the line is Z₀ = 50 $\Omega$ and each section has a length of $\dfrac{\lambda}{4}$. The voltage reflection coefficient at the input is

A uniform plane wave travelling in air is incident on the plane boundary between air and another dielectric medium with $\epsilon_r$= 4. The reflection coefficient for the normal incidence, is

Which of the following statements is true regarding the fundamental mode of the metallic waveguides shown?

The depth of penetration of electromagnetic wave in a medium having conductivity $\sigma$ at a frequency of 1 MHz is 25 cm. The depth of penetration at a frequency of 4 MHz will be

The modes in a rectangular waveguide are denoted by where m and n are the eigen numbers along the larger and smaller dimensions of the waveguide respectively. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Refractive index of glass is 1.5. Find the wavelength of a beam of light with a frequency of 10¹⁴ Hz in glass. Assume velocity of light is 3 × 10⁸ m/s in vacuum.

A plane wave of wavelength ^$\lambda$ is travelling in a direction making an angle 30° with positive x-axis and 90° with positive y-axis. The ^{$\vec E$} field of the plane wave can be represented as (E₀ is constant)

The magnetic field along the propagation direction inside a rectangular waveguide with the cross section shown in the figure is H_z = 3 Cos(2.094 x 10²x) cos(2.618 x 10² y) cos (6.283 x 10¹⁰ t -$\beta z$ The phase velocity V_p of the wave inside the wave guide satisfies

A current sheet $\vec j$= 10$\widehat u_y$A/m lies on the dielectric interface x = 0 between two dielectric media with $\epsilon_{r1}$= 5, $\mu_{r1}$ = 1 in Region - 1 (x < 0) and $\epsilon_{r2}$ = 5, $\mu_{r2}$ = 2 in Region - 2 (x > 0). If the magnetic field in Region -1 at x = 0^- is $\vec H_1$ = 3$\widehat u_x$+ 30$\widehat u_y$A /m the magnetic field in Region -2 at x = 0 + is