The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 aims to protect and conserve the environment, promote sustainable development, and provide speedy and effective justice in environmental matters.

The National Green Tribunal is responsible for hearing and deciding cases related to environmental issues, awarding compensation for environmental damage, and imposing fines and penalties for environmental violations. It does not have the function of enforcing environmental laws and regulations.

Any person affected by an environmental issue, any non-governmental organization, or any government agency can file a case before the National Green Tribunal.

A case before the National Green Tribunal must be filed within 90 days from the date of the incident.

The principal bench of the National Green Tribunal is located in New Delhi.

There are 4 regional benches of the National Green Tribunal located in Bhopal, Chennai, Kolkata, and Pune.

The National Green Tribunal is composed of a chairperson, two judicial members, and two expert members.

A retired judge of the Supreme Court, a retired judge of a High Court, or a person with at least 20 years of experience in environmental law is eligible to be appointed as the chairperson of the National Green Tribunal.

The chairperson and members of the National Green Tribunal have a tenure of 5 years.

The chairperson and members of the National Green Tribunal can be reappointed for one more term of 5 years.

An appeal against an order of the National Green Tribunal can be filed to the Supreme Court.

An appeal against an order of the National Green Tribunal must be filed within 90 days.

The penalty for non-compliance with an order of the National Green Tribunal can be both fine and imprisonment.

The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 provides a specialized forum for the resolution of environmental disputes, ensures speedy and effective justice in environmental matters, and promotes sustainable development.

The National Green Tribunal has contributed to the protection of the environment in India by ordering the closure of polluting industries, imposing fines on companies for environmental violations, and directing the government to take measures to protect the environment.