Natural disasters

Agricultural expansion

Urbanization

Climate change

Loss of biodiversity

Increased soil erosion

Enhanced carbon sequestration

Disruption of water cycles

A system of agriculture that integrates trees and crops

A method of farming that uses only organic fertilizers

A technique for increasing crop yields through genetic modification

A practice that involves clearing forests for agricultural purposes

By providing alternative sources of income for farmers

By reducing the need for new agricultural land

By improving soil fertility and water retention

All of the above

Increased biodiversity

Improved soil health

Reduced water pollution

Increased vulnerability to pests and diseases

It reduces greenhouse gas emissions by sequestering carbon in trees.

It helps regulate the Earth's temperature by providing shade and evapotranspiration.

It improves soil carbon storage and reduces soil erosion.

All of the above

Silvopasture (integrating trees with livestock grazing)

Alley cropping (planting trees or shrubs between crop rows)

Forest farming (harvesting non-timber forest products)

Monoculture farming (growing a single crop on a large scale)

Lack of technical knowledge and skills among farmers

Limited access to financial resources and credit

Cultural and social barriers to adopting new farming practices

All of the above

Promoting sustainable agriculture practices, including agroforestry

Reducing the demand for forest products through responsible consumption

Strengthening forest governance and law enforcement

Expanding protected areas without considering the needs of local communities

Establishing global agreements and targets for forest conservation

Providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries

Promoting trade policies that support sustainable forest management

All of the above

Increased crop yields and diversification of income sources

Improved soil fertility and water conservation

Reduced vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather events

Increased risk of crop failure due to competition with trees

Reforestation

Agroforestry

Afforestation

Silviculture

Crop diversification and integration of trees

Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Soil and water conservation measures

Management of pests and diseases through ecological methods

Silvopasture

Alley cropping

Forest farming

Agroforestry

Providing habitat and food sources for a variety of species

Reducing habitat fragmentation and creating corridors for wildlife

Increasing genetic diversity and resilience of ecosystems

Promoting the spread of invasive species