Conservation biology emerged as a distinct discipline in the 1980s, driven by concerns about the rapid loss of biodiversity and the need for systematic approaches to conservation.

Ecology is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of interactions between organisms and their environment, including the flow of energy and matter through ecosystems.

The primary goal of conservation science is to develop strategies for protecting and restoring ecosystems, ensuring the survival of species and the maintenance of ecosystem services.

Observational studies are commonly used in conservation biology to assess the status of species and ecosystems, as they allow researchers to collect data on natural populations and ecosystems without directly manipulating them.

Reintroduction is the process of reintroducing a species to an area where it was once native but has since disappeared, typically due to human activities or environmental changes.

Population genetics is the scientific field that focuses on the study of the genetic diversity of species and populations, including the distribution and transmission of genetic variation.

Protected areas are areas of land or sea that are designated and managed to maintain their biodiversity and ecological integrity, typically through legal or other effective means.

Human ecology is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of the interactions between humans and their environment, including the impact of human activities on ecosystems and the well-being of human populations.

Habitat restoration is the process of restoring degraded ecosystems to their natural or former condition, typically through active interventions such as planting native vegetation, removing invasive species, and improving water quality.

Biogeography is the scientific field that focuses on the study of the distribution and abundance of species, including the factors that influence their geographic ranges and patterns of diversity.

Translocation is the process of moving a species to a new location outside its native range, typically for conservation purposes or to establish new populations.

Community ecology is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of the interactions between species within communities, including competition, predation, mutualism, and other ecological relationships.

Assisted reproductive technologies are techniques used to enhance the survival or reproductive success of a species, such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer.

Ecosystem ecology is the scientific field that focuses on the study of the structure and function of ecosystems, including the interactions between organisms and their environment and the flow of energy and matter through ecosystems.

Evidence-based conservation is the process of using scientific knowledge to inform conservation decisions and actions, ensuring that conservation interventions are based on the best available evidence.