Political cynicism can be caused by a variety of factors, including negative media coverage of politicians, personal experiences with corrupt politicians, and low levels of trust in government institutions.

Political cynicism is associated with a number of negative consequences, including decreased voter turnout, lower levels of political participation, and increased support for anti-establishment candidates. However, it is not associated with increased trust in government.

Research has shown that there is a negative relationship between political cynicism and voter turnout. This means that people who are more cynical about politics are less likely to vote.

Political cynicism is associated with a number of negative consequences for voter behavior, including decreasing the likelihood of voting, increasing the likelihood of voting for third-party candidates, and increasing the likelihood of voting for anti-establishment candidates. However, it is not associated with increasing the likelihood of voting for incumbents.

Political cynicism refers to the belief that politicians are motivated by self-interest rather than the public good.

Political cynicism can be caused by a variety of factors, including negative media coverage of politicians, personal experiences with corrupt politicians, and low levels of political efficacy. However, it is not associated with high levels of trust in government institutions.

Political efficacy refers to the belief that one's own political actions can make a difference.

Political cynicism is associated with a number of negative consequences, including decreased voter turnout, lower levels of trust in government, and increased support for anti-establishment candidates. However, it is not associated with increased support for democracy.

Political trust refers to the belief that the political system is fair and just.

Political cynicism can be caused by a variety of factors, including negative media coverage of politicians, personal experiences with corrupt politicians, and low levels of political knowledge. However, it is not associated with high levels of trust in government institutions.

Political responsiveness refers to the belief that the political system is responsive to the needs of the people.

Political cynicism is associated with a number of negative consequences, including decreased voter turnout, lower levels of trust in government, and increased support for anti-establishment candidates. However, it is not associated with increased support for authoritarian regimes.

Political cynicism refers to the belief that the political system is corrupt and self-serving.

Political cynicism can be caused by a variety of factors, including negative media coverage of politicians, personal experiences with corrupt politicians, and low levels of political participation. However, it is not associated with high levels of trust in government institutions.

Political efficacy refers to the belief that the political system is capable of solving problems.