Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the fundamental nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, the existence of God, and the structure of the universe.

Ontology is a branch of metaphysics that investigates the nature of being, existence, and reality.

Descartes, a 17th-century French philosopher, proposed the ontological argument, which attempts to prove the existence of God based on the concept of a perfect being.

Polytheism is the belief in the existence of multiple gods or deities.

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature, sources, and limits of human knowledge.

Monotheism is the belief in the existence of a single, all-powerful God.

Kant, an 18th-century German philosopher, proposed transcendental idealism, which argues that the mind actively structures and organizes our experience of the world.

Atheism is the belief that there is no God or gods.

Axiology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature of values and ethical principles.

Agnosticism is the belief that the existence or non-existence of God is unknowable or beyond human comprehension.

Sartre, a 20th-century French philosopher, proposed existentialism, which argues that individuals are responsible for creating meaning and value in their lives through their choices and actions.

Deism is the belief that God exists but is not directly involved in the affairs of the world.

Phenomenology is the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of consciousness and subjective experience.

Pantheism is the belief that God is present in all things and that the universe is a manifestation of God's being.

Whitehead, a 20th-century British philosopher, proposed process philosophy, which argues that reality is fundamentally dynamic and ever-changing, consisting of processes and events rather than static objects.