Carbon Monoxide is a primary air pollutant emitted from vehicles, primarily due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.

Exposure to particulate matter, especially fine particles (PM2.5), is linked to increased risk of respiratory issues such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Sulfur Dioxide, emitted primarily from industrial activities and power plants, is a major contributor to acid rain, which can harm forests, aquatic ecosystems, and infrastructure.

Photochemical smog is the process by which ground-level ozone is formed through the interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of heat.

Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide are all greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change by trapping heat in the atmosphere.

Deposition is the process by which air pollutants are removed from the atmosphere and deposited onto surfaces, such as land, water, or vegetation.

Phosphorus, often from agricultural runoff and wastewater discharge, is a major contributor to eutrophication, which leads to excessive plant growth and oxygen depletion in aquatic ecosystems.

Advection is the process by which air pollutants are transported over long distances by wind currents.

Ozone, formed through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, is a major component of smog.

Chemical Transformation is the process by which air pollutants undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of new compounds.

Sulfur Dioxide, emitted primarily from industrial activities and power plants, is a major contributor to acid rain, which can harm forests, aquatic ecosystems, and infrastructure.

Dispersion is the process by which air pollutants are dispersed and diluted in the atmosphere, reducing their concentration.

Nitrogen Oxides, emitted from vehicles and industrial activities, are major contributors to the formation of ground-level ozone, a harmful air pollutant.

Deposition is the process by which air pollutants are removed from the atmosphere and deposited onto surfaces, including plants and soil.

Volatile Organic Compounds, emitted from various sources including vehicles, industries, and vegetation, are major contributors to the formation of particulate matter, which can harm human health and the environment.