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Experimental Research

Description: Experimental Research Quiz
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: experimental research research methodology social studies education
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of experimental research?

  1. Control over variables

  2. Random assignment of participants

  3. Manipulation of the independent variable

  4. Observation of the dependent variable

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In experimental research, the researcher manipulates the independent variable and observes the effect on the dependent variable. Observation of the dependent variable is not a characteristic of experimental research.

What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

  1. To ensure that the participants are representative of the population

  2. To control for confounding variables

  3. To increase the likelihood of finding a statistically significant result

  4. To make the research more ethical

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Random assignment helps to control for confounding variables by ensuring that the participants in the experimental and control groups are similar in all respects except for the independent variable.

What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

  1. The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the variable that is observed.

  2. The independent variable is the variable that is measured, while the dependent variable is the variable that is manipulated.

  3. The independent variable is the variable that is controlled, while the dependent variable is the variable that is changed.

  4. The independent variable is the variable that is predicted, while the dependent variable is the variable that is explained.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In experimental research, the independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the variable that is observed.

What is a confounding variable?

  1. A variable that is related to both the independent and dependent variables

  2. A variable that is not related to either the independent or dependent variables

  3. A variable that is controlled by the researcher

  4. A variable that is measured by the researcher

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A confounding variable is a variable that is related to both the independent and dependent variables. If a confounding variable is not controlled for, it can lead to biased results.

What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?

  1. To provide a comparison for the experimental group

  2. To control for confounding variables

  3. To increase the likelihood of finding a statistically significant result

  4. To make the research more ethical

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The purpose of a control group in experimental research is to provide a comparison for the experimental group. The control group is not exposed to the independent variable, so any differences between the experimental group and the control group can be attributed to the independent variable.

What is the difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiment?

  1. In an experiment, the researcher has control over the independent variable, while in a quasi-experiment, the researcher does not have control over the independent variable.

  2. In an experiment, the participants are randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, while in a quasi-experiment, the participants are not randomly assigned to the groups.

  3. In an experiment, the researcher observes the dependent variable, while in a quasi-experiment, the researcher does not observe the dependent variable.

  4. In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the independent variable, while in a quasi-experiment, the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The main difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiment is that in an experiment, the researcher has control over the independent variable, while in a quasi-experiment, the researcher does not have control over the independent variable.

What are some of the ethical considerations that researchers need to take into account when conducting experimental research?

  1. Researchers need to obtain informed consent from the participants.

  2. Researchers need to protect the privacy of the participants.

  3. Researchers need to avoid causing harm to the participants.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers need to take into account a number of ethical considerations when conducting experimental research, including obtaining informed consent from the participants, protecting the privacy of the participants, and avoiding causing harm to the participants.

What is the difference between internal validity and external validity?

  1. Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are accurate, while external validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other populations or settings.

  2. Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are reliable, while external validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are valid.

  3. Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are significant, while external validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are meaningful.

  4. Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are replicable, while external validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are generalizable.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are accurate, while external validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other populations or settings.

What are some of the challenges that researchers face when conducting experimental research?

  1. Recruiting participants

  2. Controlling for confounding variables

  3. Ensuring that the participants are representative of the population

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Researchers face a number of challenges when conducting experimental research, including recruiting participants, controlling for confounding variables, and ensuring that the participants are representative of the population.

What are some of the benefits of conducting experimental research?

  1. Experimental research can provide strong evidence for causal relationships.

  2. Experimental research can be used to test hypotheses.

  3. Experimental research can be used to develop new theories.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Experimental research can provide strong evidence for causal relationships, can be used to test hypotheses, and can be used to develop new theories.

What is the difference between a true experiment and a natural experiment?

  1. In a true experiment, the researcher has control over the independent variable, while in a natural experiment, the researcher does not have control over the independent variable.

  2. In a true experiment, the participants are randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, while in a natural experiment, the participants are not randomly assigned to the groups.

  3. In a true experiment, the researcher observes the dependent variable, while in a natural experiment, the researcher does not observe the dependent variable.

  4. In a true experiment, the researcher manipulates the independent variable, while in a natural experiment, the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The main difference between a true experiment and a natural experiment is that in a true experiment, the researcher has control over the independent variable, while in a natural experiment, the researcher does not have control over the independent variable.

What is the difference between a between-subjects design and a within-subjects design?

  1. In a between-subjects design, each participant is assigned to only one condition, while in a within-subjects design, each participant is assigned to multiple conditions.

  2. In a between-subjects design, the participants are randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, while in a within-subjects design, the participants are not randomly assigned to the groups.

  3. In a between-subjects design, the researcher observes the dependent variable, while in a within-subjects design, the researcher does not observe the dependent variable.

  4. In a between-subjects design, the researcher manipulates the independent variable, while in a within-subjects design, the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The main difference between a between-subjects design and a within-subjects design is that in a between-subjects design, each participant is assigned to only one condition, while in a within-subjects design, each participant is assigned to multiple conditions.

What is the purpose of a pilot study?

  1. To test the feasibility of a study

  2. To estimate the sample size needed for a study

  3. To develop a research instrument

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The purpose of a pilot study is to test the feasibility of a study, to estimate the sample size needed for a study, and to develop a research instrument.

What is the difference between a qualitative research and a quantitative research?

  1. Qualitative research is based on numerical data, while quantitative research is based on non-numerical data.

  2. Qualitative research is based on subjective data, while quantitative research is based on objective data.

  3. Qualitative research is based on inductive reasoning, while quantitative research is based on deductive reasoning.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Qualitative research is based on non-numerical data, subjective data, and inductive reasoning, while quantitative research is based on numerical data, objective data, and deductive reasoning.

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