Søren Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher, is known for his theory of irony as a mode of thought. He believed that irony is a way of expressing the tension between the finite and the infinite, the subjective and the objective.

The Romantic theory of irony, associated with German Romantic writers such as Friedrich Schlegel, emphasizes the tension between the ideal and the real. It suggests that irony arises from the gap between the world as it is and the world as it should be.

Dramatic irony is a type of irony that occurs when the audience has knowledge or information that the characters in a story do not. This creates a sense of suspense or surprise for the audience.

In satire, irony is often used as a tool to criticize or ridicule a subject. It allows the author to convey a critical message in a humorous or entertaining way.

A paradox is a statement or situation that seems contradictory or absurd but may actually contain some truth. Like irony, it involves a contrast between what is expected and what actually occurs.

The Socratic method is a method of argumentation based on refutation. It involves asking a series of questions to expose contradictions or inconsistencies in an opponent's argument.

The theory of irony as a trope focuses on the use of irony as a figure of speech. It suggests that irony is a way of using words to convey a meaning opposite to their literal meaning, often for humorous or rhetorical effect.

Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher, is known for his statement, 'Irony is the only weapon against a world that is itself ironic.' He believed that irony is a way of coping with the absurdity and meaninglessness of life.

In tragedy, irony is often used to highlight the protagonist's suffering. It creates a sense of tension and pity for the protagonist, as the audience witnesses the gap between their expectations and the reality of their situation.

Sarcasm is a literary device that involves the use of irony to create a sense of humor or amusement. It often involves saying something that is the opposite of what is meant, often in a mocking or critical way.

The theory of irony as a rhetorical strategy suggests that irony can be used as a way of persuading an audience. By using irony, a speaker or writer can make a point in a way that is both entertaining and thought-provoking.

Søren Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher, is known for his statement, 'Irony is a form of despair.' He believed that irony can be a way of expressing the tension between faith and reason, and that it can lead to a sense of despair.

In comedy, irony is often used to create a sense of humor. It can be used to create unexpected or surprising situations, or to highlight the absurdity of a situation.

Peripeteia is a literary device that involves the use of irony to create a sense of suspense or surprise. It refers to a sudden reversal of fortune or a change in circumstances that is unexpected or unforeseen.

The theory of irony as a form of self-criticism suggests that irony can be used as a way of criticizing oneself or one's own beliefs. It can be a way of acknowledging one's own flaws or limitations.